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Medicinal Plant and Traditional Knowledge-guided Strategies to Combat HIV Persistence.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
November 2024
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Purpose Of Review: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) does not act on latent HIV reservoirs, and no latency-reversing agent (LRA) to date consistently reduces viral reservoirs in humans. In Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere, complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are traditionally used to manage HIV/AIDS, including a subset with LRA properties.
Recent Findings: Several plants from the Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae families have been recently documented for traditional HIV/AIDS management and contain LRAs that function through protein kinase C activation.
Type-1-to-type-2 transition of brain microvascular pericytes induced by cytokines and disease-associated proteins: Role in neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
October 2024
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
While the concept of pericyte heterogeneity in the brain microvasculature is becoming more widely accepted, little is known about how they arise, or their functional contributions to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We therefore set out to examine the distribution of subtypes of pericytes at the BBB and sought to elucidate some of their functional characteristics by examining their unique mRNA expression patterns. We demonstrate that type-1 pericytes (PC1) that are associated with young healthy brains and BBB homeostasis, can transition into type-2 pericytes (PC2) that are associated with disease and BBB breakdown, both in vitro and in vivo, in the presence of both endogenous and disease associated ligands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlobal, regional, and national prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
EClinicalMedicine
November 2024
School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China.
Background: Despite significant reductions in mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission risks due to the advancements and scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the global burden of HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced children and adolescents remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of HIVDR in these populations globally, regionally, and at the country level.
Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies reporting HIVDR in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced children and adolescents from inception to June 28, 2024.
Distinct Clusters of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Zhejiang, China: High-Risk Transmission Cluster 4 Requires Heightened Surveillance.
Infect Drug Resist
October 2024
The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- - The study examined the characteristics and transmission clusters of HIV-1 CRF01_AE among 152 patients in Zhejiang, China, revealing that the majority belonged to specific clusters (notably Cluster 4, which had 64.5% of samples).
- - Results indicated that patients in Cluster 4 exhibited lower CD4+ T-cell counts and higher drug resistance mutation rates, highlighting its designation as a high-risk transmission group.
- - The research identified 24 genetic transmission networks, emphasizing the need for improved surveillance and monitoring of HIV-1 spread in the region.
Insights into the molecular network characteristics of major HIV-1 subtypes in developed Eastern China: a study based on comprehensive molecular surveillance data.
Infection
September 2024
Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive molecular epidemiology study of major HIV-1 subtypes in developed Eastern China (Zhejiang Province).
Methods: Plasma samples and epidemiological information were collected from 4180 newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Zhejiang Province in 2021. Pol sequences were obtained to determine the subtypes via multiple analytical tools.
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