This paper examines various esthetic periodontal considerations during orthodontic treatment. The management of excessive gingival display caused by altered passive eruption is reviewed, with emphasis on causes, recognition, diagnosis and surgical management of this problem. A case of orthodontic treatment of excessive gingival display associated with altered passive eruption of the maxillary incisors is reviewed to demonstrate appropriate management. With proper diagnosis, soft-tissue periodontal procedures after completion of orthodontic treatment can enhance the patient's final appearance.
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J Clin Periodontol
January 2025
Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.
Aim: To explore the potential roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the initiation of inflammation in periodontal macrophages and to determine the mechanism underlying the involvement of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in macrophage inflammatory responses through its interaction with hexokinase 1 (HK1).
Materials And Methods: Gingival tissues were collected from patients diagnosed with periodontitis or from healthy volunteers. Drp1 tetramer formation and phosphorylation were analysed using western blot.
J Funct Biomater
November 2024
Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-111 Szczecin, Poland.
(1) Background: A free gingival graft (FGG) is a common technique used to reconstruct or enhance the area of keratinized mucosa, while a connective tissue graft (CTG) is utilized to boost soft tissue thickness, thereby promoting stability in interproximal marginal bone levels. Most reported complications following FGG procedure are associated with the donor site. In addition to a painful, open wound in the palate, the most frequent complications linked to FGG harvesting include excessive bleeding, postoperative bone exposure, and recurrent herpes lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Department of Periodontology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND.
Gingival hyperpigmentation is a condition wherein there is excessive deposition of melanin pigment, which is produced by the melanocytes of the gingiva. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal surgical procedure whereby the pigmentation is removed or reduced by various surgical techniques that are associated with significant postoperative pain, bleeding, and recurrence. Laser ablation has been recognized as one of the minimally invasive, effective, comfortable, and reliable techniques for gingival depigmentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University institution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
Periodontitis is characterized by dysbiotic biofilms, gingival inflammation, and bone resorption, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to drug combination therapy. In this study, we introduce dynamic covalent nanonetworks (dcNNWs) synthesized through a one-pot, four-component reaction-induced self-assembly method using polyamines, 2-formylphenylboronic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and alendronate. The formation of iminoboronate bonds drives the creation of dcNNWs, allowing controlled release in the periodontitis microenvironment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dent Res
December 2024
Department of Periodontology & Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
HS, as a typical metabolite of periodontal pathogens, exhibits a clear positive correlation with the occurrence and development of periodontitis. HS at physiological concentrations can regulate many biological processes. However, excess HS in the periodontal pocket can trigger secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, cause oxidative stress, and result in mitochondrial damage and cell death in human gingival fibroblasts, exacerbating periodontitis development and periodontal tissue destruction.
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