The multifractal link between chaotic time-reversible mechanics and thermodynamic irreversibility is illustrated for three simple chaotic model systems: the Baker Map, the Galton Board, and many-body color conductivity. By scaling time, or the momenta, or the driving forces, it can be shown that the dissipative nature of the three thermostated model systems has analogs in conservative Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics. Links between the microscopic nonequilibrium Lyapunov spectra and macroscopic thermodynamic dissipation are also pointed out. (c) 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.166318 | DOI Listing |
iScience
January 2025
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Lower Austria, Austria.
Cost reductions are essential for accelerating clean technology deployment. Because multiple factors influence costs, traditional one-factor learning models, solely relying on cumulative installed capacity as an explanatory variable, may oversimplify cost dynamics. In this study, we disentangle learning and economies of scale effects at unit and project levels and introduce a knowledge gap concept to quantify rapid technological change's impact on costs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Struct Biotechnol J
November 2024
Intellicode Cooperation, Republic of Korea.
Conventional personal health record (PHR) management systems are centralized, making them vulnerable to privacy breaches and single points of failure. Despite progress in standardizing healthcare data with the FHIR format, hospitals often lack efficient platforms for transferring PHRs, leading to redundant tests and delayed treatments. To address these challenges, we propose a decentralized PHR management system leveraging Personal Data Stores (PDS) and Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) in line with the Web 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
January 2025
Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
The successful design and deployment of next-generation nuclear technologies heavily rely on thermodynamic data for relevant molten salt systems. However, the lack of accurate force fields and efficient methods has limited the quality of thermodynamic predictions from atomistic simulations. Here we propose an efficient free energy framework for computing chemical potentials, which is the central free energy quantity behind many thermodynamic properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan.
The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying lymphocyte development are diverse among teleost species. Although recent scRNA-seq analyses of zebrafish hematopoietic cells have advanced our understanding of teleost hematopoiesis, comparative studies using another genetic model, medaka, which is evolutionarily distant among teleosts, is useful for understanding commonality and species-specificity in teleosts. In order to gain insight into how different molecular and cellular mechanisms of lymphocyte development in medaka and zebrafish, we established a () mutant medaka, which exhibited defects in V(D)J rearrangement of lymphocyte antigen receptor genes, accordingly lacking mature B and T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, and despite low incidence rates, it remains the sixth leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy, which aims to enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, has emerged as a promising approach in the battle against PDAC. PARP7, a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, is a negative regulator of the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway and has been reported to reduce anti-tumour immunity.
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