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Chronic stress induces behavioural changes through increased kynurenic acid by downregulation of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase with microglial decline.
Br J Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation and Development of Pharmaceuticals and Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
Background And Purpose: Alterations in tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway are implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α7nACh) receptor regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We have shown that deficiency of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) induces depression-like behaviour via kynurenic acid (KYNA; α7nACh antagonist).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased CRF-R1 transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell facilitates maternal neglect in lactating rats and mediates anxiety-like behaviour in a sex-specific manner.
Neuropharmacology
March 2025
Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. Electronic address:
During the transition to motherhood, complex brain adaptations occur to ensure adequate maternal responses to offspring' needs accompanied by reduced anxiety. Among others, the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and oxytocin (OXT) systems have emerged as crucial regulators of these essential postpartum adaptations. Here, we investigated their roles within the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh), a central region of the reward and maternal circuits, in maternal neglect of lactating rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDirect modulation of CRH nerve terminal function by noradrenaline and corticosterone.
J Neurosci
December 2024
Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Nerve terminals are the final point of regulation before neurosecretion. As such, neuromodulators acting on nerve terminals can exert significant influence on neural signalling. Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons send axonal projections to the median eminence where CRH is secreted to stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegion-specific neuroadaptations of CRF1 and CRF2 expression following heroin exposure in female rats.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav
December 2024
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - Stress increases the risk of addiction and the role of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is critical, but how CRF1 and CRF2 receptors impact heroin use is not fully understood.
- - In a study involving female rats, blocking CRF1 and CRF2 receptors reduced heroin self-administration, highlighting their importance in drug-seeking behavior.
- - Chronic heroin exposure caused specific changes in CRF receptor expression in different brain regions, suggesting that these neuroadaptations may contribute to ongoing drug use and withdrawal symptoms.
4-Methoxycinnamic acid ameliorates post-traumatic stress disorder-like behavior in mice by antagonizing the CRF type 1 receptor.
Life Sci
January 2025
Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- PTSD is a serious mental health condition triggered by traumatic events, with symptoms like anxiety, depression, and negative mood changes.
- Traditional treatments have limited effectiveness and side effects, prompting research into 4-methoxycinnamic acid (4-MCA) as a new potential therapy for PTSD.
- Studies on mice showed that 4-MCA significantly reduced anxiety and depression, improved cognitive function, and corrected fear-related issues, suggesting it may work by impacting specific brain signaling pathways related to fear memory.
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