This review covers various aspects of glucose trimming reactions occurring on asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Structural and functional features of two enzymes, glucosidase II and endo-alpha-mannosidase, prominently involved in this process are summarized and their striking differences in terms of substrate specificities are highlighted. Recent results of analyses by immunoelectron microscopy of their distribution pattern are presented which demonstrate that glucose trimming is not restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but additionally is a function accommodated by the Golgi apparatus. The mutually exclusive subcellular distribution of glucosidase II and endomannosidase are discussed in terms of their significance for quality control of protein folding and N-glycosylation.
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Obes Rev
November 2024
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, & Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a condition characterized by hepatosteatosis, inflammation, and tissue damage, with steatosis as the initial stage, which involves chronic, excess deposition of lipids in hepatic lipid droplets. Despite the growing prevalence and serious risks it poses, including liver decompensation, the need for transplantation, and increased patient mortality, MASH currently faces no approved pharmacotherapy. Several promising treatment candidates have emerged from recent clinical trials, including analogs of FGF21 and agonists of the associated FGFR1-KLB complex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Epidemiol
September 2024
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
We recently developed a machine-learning subgrouping algorithm, iterative causal forest (iCF), to identify subgroups with heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) using predefined covariates. However, such predefined covariates may miss or poorly define important features leading to inaccurate subgrouping. To address such limitations, we developed a new semi-automatic subgrouping algorithm, hdiCF, which adapts methodology from high-dimensional propensity score for feature recognition in claims data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Chim Acta
July 2024
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address:
Background: Patient-Based Real-Time Quality Control (PBRTQC) has emerged as a supplementary programme to traditional internal quality control (iQC) mechanisms. Despite its growing popularity, practical applications in clinical settings reveal several challenges. The primary objective of this research is to introduce and develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based method, named Voting algorithm based iQC (ViQC), designed to enhance the precision and reliability of existing PBRTQC systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlacenta
March 2024
General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Introduction: A better understanding of the determinants of placental growth is needed. Our primary aim was to explore associations between maternal ethnic origin and cardio-metabolic factors during pregnancy, and placental weight, surface area, shape and thickness.
Methods: A multi-ethnic population-based cohort study of 474 pregnant women examined at mean 15 and 28 weeks' gestation.
Diabetes Obes Metab
January 2024
Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Centre of Anaesthesiology and Pain, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Emerging evidence suggests that the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of insulin-signalling-related proteins may be involved in the development of insulin resistance and its related disorders. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins, a superfamily belonging to the E3 ubiquitin ligases, are capable of controlling protein levels and function by ubiquitination, which is essential for the modulation of insulin sensitivity. Recent research has indicated that some of these TRIMs act as key regulatory factors of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis.
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