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Causal Inference With Observational Data and Unobserved Confounding Variables.
Ecol Lett
January 2025
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Experiments have long been the gold standard for causal inference in Ecology. As Ecology tackles progressively larger problems, however, we are moving beyond the scales at which randomised controlled experiments are feasible. To answer causal questions at scale, we need to also use observational data -something Ecologists tend to view with great scepticism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeft ventricular rigor mortis interferes with postmortem aortic root geometry.
Int J Legal Med
January 2025
Institute for Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Campus Homburg, Building 49.1, Kirrberger Straße 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Aortic regurgitation is a common valve disease and can be caused by delineated findings such as fenestrations or hardly discernible alterations of the aortic root geometry. Therefore, aortic regurgitation can be a challenging diagnosis during an autopsy. Cardiac surgeons, however, are confronted with comparable problems during surgery and have developed a refined knowledge of the anatomy of the aortic root including its geometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSparse loudspeaker array design for wideband frequency-invariant beamforming with multiple targets.
J Acoust Soc Am
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Beamforming technology using loudspeaker arrays is widely used in sound applications, but current sparse array design methods focus on optimizing a single beam for a single target direction, limiting their applicability to multi-channel sound systems. This paper presents a design method for sparse loudspeaker line arrays to generate wideband frequency-invariant beams in multiple target directions. A model based on tapped delay lines is developed and a two-stage design approach is proposed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFE-cigarettes, synthetic nicotine, heated-tobacco and smokeless nicotine delivery products: the nicotine landscape beyond combustible cigarettes.
Swiss Med Wkly
November 2024
Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Cigarette smoking remains an enormous public health problem causing millions of preventable deaths annually worldwide. Although safe and efficient smoking cessation pharmacotherapies such as nicotine replacement products and the medications varenicline and bupropion are available, long-term abstinence rates remain low and new approaches to help smokers successfully quit smoking are needed. In recent years, electronic nicotine delivery systems such as e-cigarettes and heated-tobacco products, and novel smokeless nicotine delivery products like nicotine pouches have gained widespread popularity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensory processing patterns and their relationships to coping and occupational engagement in mental health service users.
Aust Occup Ther J
February 2025
Department of Health Sciences, Mental Health, Activity and Participation (MAP), Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Introduction: Mental health service users often have sensory processing difficulties hampering their ability to cope with mental health problems and occupational engagement. However, there is little knowledge of sensory processing and its relation to these factors. Hence, this current study aims to investigate sensory processing patterns in relation to coping and occupational engagement for the target group.
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