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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/60.8.788 | DOI Listing |
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus that emerged in late 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide, causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The spike glycoprotein (S protein) plays a crucial role in viral target recognition and entry by interacting with angiotensin, converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor for the virus, via its receptor binding domain (RBD). The RBD availability for this interaction can be influenced by external factors, such as fatty acids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Invest
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America.
Neutrophils, particularly low-density neutrophils (LDNs), are believed to contribute to acute COVID-19 severity. Here, we showed that neutrophilia can be detected acutely and even months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and mice, while neutrophil depletion reduced disease severity in mice. A key factor in neutrophilia and severe disease in infected mice was traced to the chemokine CXCL12 secreted by bone marrow cells and unexpectedly, endothelial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
November 2024
Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, RJ, Brazil.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still causes death in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, for whom the sustainability of the vaccine response may be limited. Antiviral treatments, such as remdesivir or molnupiravir, have demonstrated limited clinical efficacy. Nirmatrelvir, an acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) major protease inhibitor, is clinically effective but has been associated with viral rebound and antiviral resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
November 2024
Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania.
The COVID-19 outbreak, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was linked to significant neurological and psychiatric manifestations. This review examines the physiopathological mechanisms underlying these neuropsychiatric outcomes and discusses current management strategies. Primarily a respiratory disease, COVID-19 frequently leads to neurological issues, including cephalalgia and migraines, loss of sensory perception, cerebrovascular accidents, and neurological impairment such as encephalopathy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Digital Omics Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea.
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths globally. Although vaccination campaigns are mitigating the pandemic, emerging viral variants continue to pose challenges. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a critical role in viral entry by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, making both proteins essential targets for therapeutic and vaccine development.
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