The genetic diversity produced by the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was studied in 94 genotypes of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum (C. Koch) Thell., originating from ten ecologically and geographically different locations in Israel. Eight primer pairs produced 204 discernible loci of which 189 (93%) were polymorphic. Each genotype had a unique banding profile and the genetic similarity coefficient varied between 0.74 and 0.98. The phenogram generated from these similarities by the UPGMA method did not group genotypes strictly according to their geographical origin, which pattern was also seen in the principal coordinate (PCO) plot. Genetic diversity was larger within (69%) than among (31%) populations. Associations between ecogeographical variables and the mean gene diversity were found at one primer pair. The results are discussed and compared with data obtained by the simple sequence repeat (SSR) method.
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