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Background: The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has seen exponential growth in oncology clinical trials. However, the measurement of HRQoL has yet to be optimised in routine clinical practice. This study aimed at exploring the operationalisation of HRQoL in clinical practice with the goal of reaching a consensus from a panel of physicians.

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Plastid phylogenomics and biogeographic analysis support a trans-Tethyan origin and rapid early radiation of Cornales in the Mid-Cretaceous.

Mol Phylogenet Evol

November 2019

CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. Electronic address:

The Cornales is a relatively small but morphologically diverse order in the basal position of the Asterids clade. Previous study hypothesized that the order might have undergone ancient rapid radiation during the Cretaceous when major angiosperm lineages were established. We conducted the phylogenomic analysis of Cornales using 81 plastid genome sequences with 67 newly generated in this study to test the hypothesis.

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Epstein-Barr virus: biology and disease.

Oral Dis

May 1997

Department of Oral Pathology, St Bartholomew's, London, UK.

Epstein-Barr virus is a human herpes virus which, whilst found as a widespread asymptomatic infection, is also associated with certain tumours of lymphoid and epithelial origin including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), immunoblastic lymphoma (IBL), Hodgkin's Disease (HD) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A unique characteristic of EBV is its ability to infect and transform primary resting B lymphocytes in vitro into permanently growing lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs); this effect is associated with constitutive expression of a limited set of viral genes. Interestingly, the pattern of EBV gene expression observed in LCLs in vitro is also a feature of IBLs, a tumour associated with immunosuppression.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with tumours of both lymphoid and epithelial origin. Whilst a role for EBV latent genes in the development of these malignancies is accepted, it is also possible that viral proteins involved in EBV replication may influence the oncogenic process. BHRF1 is an immediate early protein which has homology with the Bcl-2 oncogene and can protect B cells from apoptosis.

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In 78 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, the levels of serum immunoglobulins were studied. In 45 cases with lipoid nephrosis, 7 with segmentary and focal sclerosis and in 26 with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, a reduction in per centum values of IgG were found in similar magnitude in the groups. Levels for IgA were not found abnormal and there was an increase in values for IgM exclusively in cases of lipoid nephrosis.

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