This study investigated the effects of flask-to-liquid volume ratio on the growth of Panax ginseng hairy root, transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, in flask cultures and compared the characteristics of various bioreactors for scale-up. The flask-to-liquid volume ratio was optimum at 1.5 mL of air/mL of medium in flask cultures, and hairy root growth was not affected above the optimum ratio. In 500-mL flask culture, hairy root showed two growth phases. After the first exponential growth, specific growth rate decreased. The growth characteristics of P. ginseng hairy root in various bioreactors were investigated. Hairy root growth was about 55- fold of inoculum after 39 d in a 5-L bioreactor and about 38-fold of inoculum after 40 d in a 19-L bioreactor. Carbon yield was higher in a 19-L bioreactor than in others, but it did not show any linear relationship to the growth rate of hairy roots in bioreactors.
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