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Cytochalasans and Their Impact on Actin Filament Remodeling.
Biomolecules
August 2023
Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
The eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton comprises the protein itself in its monomeric and filamentous forms, G- and F-actin, as well as multiple interaction partners (actin-binding proteins, ABPs). This gives rise to a temporally and spatially controlled, dynamic network, eliciting a plethora of motility-associated processes. To interfere with the complex inter- and intracellular interactions the actin cytoskeleton confers, small molecular inhibitors have been used, foremost of all to study the relevance of actin filaments and their turnover for various cellular processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Modulation of Functional Status of Bovine Spermatozoa by Progesterone.
Animals (Basel)
June 2021
Branch of Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry Named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Russian Research Institute of Genetic and Breeding Farm Animals, 196601 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
The aim of this study is to identify the effects of progesterone (PRG) on the capacitation and the acrosome reaction in bovine spermatozoa. The fresh sperm samples were incubated with and without capacitation inductors (heparin, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP)), hormones (prolactin (PRL), PRG), inhibitors of microfilaments (cytochalasin D) and microtubules (nocodazole) during capacitation and acrosome reactions. The functional status of spermatozoa was examined using the chlortetracycline assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiversely Functionalised Cytochalasins through Mutasynthesis and Semi-Synthesis.
Chemistry
October 2020
Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
Mutasynthesis of pyrichalasin H from Magnaporthe grisea NI980 yielded a series of unprecedented 4'-substituted cytochalasin analogues in titres as high as the wild-type system (≈60 mg L ). Halogenated, O-alkyl, O-allyl and O-propargyl examples were formed, as well as a 4'-azido analogue. 4'-O-Propargyl and 4'-azido analogues reacted smoothly in Huisgen cycloaddition reactions, whereas p-Br and p-I compounds reacted in Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTolerated doses in zebrafish of cytochalasins and jasplakinolide for comparison with tolerated doses in mice in the evaluation of pre-clinical activity of microfilament-directed agents in tumor model systems in vivo.
In Vivo
July 2015
Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, U.S.A.
Background/aim: Chemotherapeutic approaches involving microtubule-directed agents such as the vinca alkaloids and taxanes are used extensively and effectively in clinical cancer therapy. There is abundant evidence of critical cytoskeletal differences involving microfilaments between normal and neoplastic cells, and a variety of natural products and semi-synthetic derivatives are available to exploit these differences in vitro. In spite of the availability of such potential anti-neoplastic agents, there has yet to be an effective microfilament-directed agent approved for clinical use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCan standard genotoxicity tests be applied to nanoparticles?
J Toxicol Environ Health A
October 2012
NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, CEE, Health Effects Group, Kjeller, Norway.
Experiments were conducted to determine the validity of two common genotoxicity testing procedures, the comet assay and the micronucleus (MN) test, when applied to nanoparticles (NP). The comet assay is used to detect strand breaks (SB) induced in cellular DNA. There is a possibility of obtaining false positive results, if residual NP remain in proximity to the virtually naked DNA that results from lysis of agarose-embedded cells, and react with this DNA in ways that do not occur with chromatin in intact cells.
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