Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and is responsible for the majority of pediatric hospital admissions in winter. Respiratory syncytial virus has been identified as the main causative agent, causing 50-90% of the cases of bronchiolitis. Despite significant advances in pharmacotherapy, the management of infants with bronchiolitis has changed little over the years from supplemental oxygen and good fluid management. Approaches to therapy vary widely all over the world and are controversial. This paper reviews current treatment options for bronchiolitis, including the use of bronchodilators, epinephrine, steroids and ribavirin. Most recent advances, including immunotherapy and intensive care, are discussed.
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