The presumptive choline transporter, CTL1, was initially identified through functional complementation of a triple yeast mutant (ctr ise URA3delta) with deficiencies in both choline transport and choline neosynthesis under selective conditions that cause perturbations in membrane synthesis and growth. After transformation of these yeasts with a heterologous yeast expression library made from Torpedo electric lobe cDNAs, several colonies showed increased growth but only one clone increased the accumulation of external choline. The corresponding full-length cDNA was isolated and encodes a protein with 10 transmembrane domains. Northern analysis of Torpedo mRNA indicates that CTL1 is expressed at high levels in the spinal cord and brain. In Xenopus oocytes, Torpedo CTL1 expression was associated with the appearance of sodium independent high-affinity choline uptake. We propose that CTL1 plays a role in providing choline for membrane synthesis in the nervous system.
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