Fusarial toxins are toxic metabolites produced mostly by toxigenic micromycetes of genus Fusarium. Dominant mycotoxins of this group include trichothecenes, moniliformin, zearalenone, and fumonisins. Recently, special attention has been paid to these toxins because of their harmful effects on both animals and humans. On the basis of the available literature, we review here the characteristics of major fusarial mycotoxins with an emphasis on their toxic effects on animals. The most important fusarial mycotoxins, their sources, and their pathology including clinical signs, necropsy findings, as well as changes in haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices, are addressed.
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and , two novel species in the clade supported by multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses.
Mycologia
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Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, ON K1A 0C6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
This study was conducted to elucidate evolutionary relationships and species diversity within the species complex (FBSC). We also evaluate the potential of these species to produce mycotoxins and other bioactive secondary metabolites. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses of sequences from portions of four marker loci (ITS rDNA, , and ) and the combined 4495 bp data set support recognition of seven genealogically exclusive species within the FBSC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of a Natural Fusarial Multi-Mycotoxin Challenge on Broiler Chickens and Mitigation Properties Provided by a Yeast Cell Wall Extract and a Postbiotic Yeast Cell Wall-Based Blend.
Toxins (Basel)
April 2022
Alltech, Inc., 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
Yeast cell wall-based preparations have shown efficacy against -based toxins but have lower impact against type-B trichothecenes. Presently, we investigated a combination of deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T2) and zearalenone (ZEA), and the effect of a yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) and a post-biotic yeast cell wall-based blend (PYCW) with the objectives of preventing mycotoxins' negative effects in commercial broilers. A total of 720 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly allocated to: (1) control diet, (aflatoxins 6 µg/kg; cyclopiazonic acid 15 µg/kg; fusaric acid 25 µg/kg; fumonisin B1 310 µg/kg); (2) Diet1 + 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudying the Ability of Thymol to Improve Fungicidal Effects of Tebuconazole and Difenoconazole Against Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi in Seed or Foliar Treatments.
Front Microbiol
February 2021
Department of Molecular Biology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow, Russia.
Thymol, a secondary plant metabolite possessing antifungal and chemosensitizing activities, disrupts cell wall or membrane integrity and interferes with ergosterol biosynthesis. Thymol also functions as a redox-active compound inducing generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in fungal cells. Previously, we showed thymol significantly enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of difenoconazole against and .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFusarial toxins: secondary metabolites of Fusarium fungi.
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol
June 2014
Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Autoput 3, 11070, Belgrade, Serbia,
Exposure to mycotoxins occurs worldwide, even though there are geographic and climatic differences in the amounts produced and occurrence of these substances.Mycotoxins are secondary chemical metabolites of different fungi. They are natural contaminants of cereals, so their presence is often inevitable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe in vitro effects of zearalenone and T-2 toxins on Vero cells.
Exp Toxicol Pathol
July 2013
Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro, whether cytolethality and oxidative damage is enhanced by combination of both mycotoxins as compared to their individual effect. In our paper, we applied a tiered in vitro experimental approach in order to predict the possible health risk effects of two interactive fusarial toxins. Considering the concomitant production of zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin, it is very likely that humans and animals are always exposed to the mixture rather than to individual compounds.
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