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Repeated social defeat in male mice induced unique RNA profiles in projection neurons from the amygdala to the hippocampus.
Brain Behav Immun Health
February 2025
Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA.
Chronic stress increases the incidence of psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Repeated Social Defeat (RSD) in mice recapitulates several key physiological, immune, and behavioral changes evident after chronic stress in humans. For instance, neurons in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus are involved in the interpretation of and response to fear and threatful stimuli after RSD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus-Based Neural Circuit Tracing.
Adv Neurobiol
November 2024
The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Neural circuits provide an anatomical basis for functional networks. Therefore, dissecting the structure of neural circuits is an indispensable prerequisite to understanding how the brain functions. Knowing how the neural circuits organize and function under physiological conditions and their progressive alterations under pathophysiological conditions are key to understanding the underlying circuit mechanism of diseases, thus finding cures for the diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential participation of CaMKII/ROCK and NOS pathways in the cholinergic inhibitory drive operated by nicotinic α7 receptors in perisynaptic Schwann cells.
Biochem Pharmacol
January 2025
Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP/RISE-Health), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address:
Nicotinic α7 receptors (α7 nAChRs) present in perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) control acetylcholine (ACh) spillover from the neuromuscular synapse by transiently increasing intracellular Ca, which fosters adenosine release via type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT1) and retrograde activation of presynaptic A inhibitory receptors. The putative Ca-dependent pathways downstream α7 nAChRs involved in the sensing inhibitory drive operated by PSCs is unknown. Herein, we used phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations from Wistar rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHomonymous hemi-macular atrophy in multiple sclerosis.
Mult Scler
December 2024
Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background: Retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration (TSD) following retro-chiasmal pathology, typically retro-geniculate in multiple sclerosis (MS), may manifest as homonymous hemi-macular atrophy (HHMA) of the ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCIPL).
Objective: To determine the frequency, association with clinical outcomes, and retinal and radiological features of HHMA in people with MS (PwMS).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, healthy controls (HC) and PwMS underwent retinal optical coherence tomography scanning.
GABA Receptors and K7 Channels as Targets for GABAergic Regulation of Acetylcholine Release in Frog Neuromuscular Junction.
Neurochem Res
November 2024
Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and selective GABAergic ligands on acetylcholine (ACh) release at frog neuromuscular junctions using microelectrode techniques alongside fluorescent and immunohistochemical assays.
- It was found that GABA significantly reduced ACh release; however, this effect wasn't completely reversed by GABA antagonists, indicating a complex interaction.
- Additionally, GABA was shown to activate specific K7 potassium channels directly, suggesting that endogenous GABA may play a role in regulating neurotransmitter release during muscle contraction.
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