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Function: _error_handler
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Numerous physiological studies as well as in situ hybridization and PCR experiments concur in reporting a role for the sst2A receptor in transducing somatostatin (SRIF) actions in the rat hypothalamus. However, the distribution of this receptor protein is not known within this structure. Regional and cellular localization of the sst2A receptor was therefore examined in the rat hypothalamus using highly sensitive immunohistochemical techniques. In close correspondence with the distribution of SRIF-immunoreactive fibers, numerous hypothalamic areas displayed sst2A receptor immunoreactivity. Receptor labeling was, however, diffusely distributed over the tissue, and few immunopositive cells were apparent. Unraveling the distribution of receptor-expressing cells was achieved through acute in vivo agonist stimulation and subsequent receptor internalization. At the cellular level, double-immunolabeling experiments with synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2 demonstrated that sst2A receptors were predominantly internalized in perikarya and dendrites. Double-labeling experiments with SRIF revealed that 93% of arcuate, but only 18% of periventricular, SRIF-positive neurons expressed internalized receptors. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that the sst2A receptor protein is widely, but selectively, distributed in the hypothalamus, and that postsynaptic sst2A auto- and heteroreceptors are well poised to play an important role in the somatostatinergic regulation of hypothalamic endocrine and metabolic processes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-221090 | DOI Listing |
J Pain
December 2024
Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Electronic address:
Altered nociception, a key feature of nociplastic pain, often involves central sensitization. We previously found that central sensitization underlying a nociplastic pain state in female mice depends on the ongoing activity of TRPA1 agonist-responsive afferents. Here, we investigated how the activity of these afferents induces and maintains central sensitization at the spinal level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndocrine
July 2024
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Endocrinology
February 2021
Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
The somatostatin receptor 2A (SST2) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is expressed in neuroendocrine tissues within the gastrointestinal tract and brain, and is commonly overexpressed in many neuroendocrine tumors. Moreover, SST2 agonists are used clinically as the primary pharmacological treatment to suppress excess hormone secretion in a variety of neuroendocrine tumors. Despite its wide clinical use, mechanisms controlling the trafficking and signaling of SST2 are not fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropeptides
December 2019
Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address:
Itch is a somatosensory sensation that informs the organism about the presence of potentially harmful substances or parasites, and initiates scratching to remove the threat. Itch-inducing (pruritogenic) substances activate primary afferent neurons in the skin through interactions with specific receptors that converts the stimulus into an electrical signal. These signals are conveyed to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord through the release of neurotransmitters such as natriuretic polypeptide b and somatostatin, leading to an integrated response within a complex spinal interneuronal network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFShock
September 2018
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Decompensation, a critical phase in the response to hemorrhage, is characterized by profound sympathoinhibition and the overriding of baroreflex mediated compensation. As sympathoexcitatory neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) maintain vasomotor tone and are essential for sympathetic baroreceptor reflex function, the RVLM is the likely mediator. However, how decompensation occurs is a mystery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!