A series of pentapeptides, based on hMC4R pentapeptide agonist (Bu-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Gly(10)-NH(2)), was prepared in which either DPhe(7) or Trp(9) residue was systematically substituted. A number of interesting DPhe surrogates (D-Thi, D-3-CF(3)Phe, D-2-Nal and D-3,4-diClPhe) as well as Trp surrogates (2-Nal and Bta) were identified in this study.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01052-1 | DOI Listing |
Neurosci Lett
January 2011
Department of Anesthesiology, The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
The cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus (CSF-CN), distributes and localizes in the ventral periaqueductal central gray (PAG) of the brainstem, which may influence actual composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for non-synaptic signal transmission via releasing or absorbing bioactive substances. Many experiments have demonstrated that substance P (SP), a substance that is shown to be up-regulated in CSF-CN, plays an important role in the development of inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. Thus in the present study, we hypothesize that SP in CSF-CN might contribute to morphine dependence in rats, inhibiting SP with (D-Pro2, D-Phe7, D-Trp9)-SP intracerebroventricular (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mol Biol
August 2010
School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) has an important regulatory role in energy homeostasis and food intake. Peptide agonists of the MC4R are characterized by the conserved sequence His(6)-Phe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9), which is crucial for their interaction with the receptor. This investigation utilized the covalent attachment approach to identify receptor residues in close proximity to the bound ligand [Nle(4),D-Phe(7)]melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH), thereby differentiating between residues directly involved in ligand binding and those mutations that compromise ligand binding by inducing conformational changes in the receptor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochemistry
September 2007
Departments of Pharmacology, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130, USA.
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is involved in regulating energy homeostasis and is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and cachexia. Molecular interactions between peptide ligands and MC4R have been studied in detail. Less is known regarding the role of these interactions in the mechanism of MC4R activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Neurobiol Exp (Wars)
January 2006
Department of Animal Physiology, Gdańsk University, Poland.
The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) is one of the reticular generators of the hippocampal theta rhythm. The PPN neuronal circuitry related to theta generation involves its cholinergic, GABA-ergic and glutamatergic components. Here we provide data indicating that the PPN tachykinin system may also be a part of this circuitry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Endod
September 2005
Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
The influence of NK1 receptor antagonists applied iontophoretically on pulpal blood flow (PBF) was investigated. Along with substance P (SP, 0.8 approximately 20.
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