The clinically revealed thyroid nodules are very frequent (3 to 5% of the general population), among them, fewer than 10% are malignant. The objective of this retrospective study type witness-case is to determinate the malignity predictive clinical and paraclinical elements for 45 patients presenting a thyroid malignant nodule and 45 others matched by age and sex presenting a thyroid isolated nodule. These patients were treated at the ORL ward of Charles Nicolle Hospital over a period of 10 years from 1989 to 1999. The average age of advent of malignant nodule is 43.2 + 14.4 years old with a clear female predominance (sex ratio = 4). The elements clearly linked to the hazard of thyroid cancer are loss of weight (p = 0.05; OR = 8.11), hard consistency of nodule (p = 0.002), the presence of cervical adenopathies (p = 0.05; OR = 4.22), vocal cords paralysis (p = 0.04), the presence of anemia (p = 0.01; OR = 5.7), a solid structure at sonography (p = 0.05) and the presence of a flux at doppler-sonography (p = 0.02). Personal antecedents of non malignant thyroid pathology, the nodule location and size and hypoechogenic features have not been clearly associated with the hazards of thyroid cancer.
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