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Thinking outside tuberculosis: A case of widespread active disseminated cysticercosis.

SA J Radiol

November 2024

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Unlabelled: A rare case of widespread disseminated cysticercosis was identified in a 32-year-old female patient from the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Initially, she displayed generalised nonspecific symptoms, leading to a misinterpretation of disseminated tuberculosis (TB). However, further radiological, haematological and pathological investigations revealed extensive dissemination of cysticercosis.

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Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the leading parasitic infections of the brain. Giant NCC is rare, with only two cases of cerebellar involvement reported till now. In the presence of a host immune response, these giant NCCs can mimic primary central nervous system neoplasms.

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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic neuroinfectious disease caused by humans becoming intermediate hosts in the life cycle of the pig tapeworm, Taenia solium, after ingesting its eggs. This case series examines seven female patients with NCC who engaged in geophagy (soil consumption) and were evaluated at Centre Médical Baraka in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, from January 2019 to December 2020. From a cohort of 176 patients with epilepsy evaluated during that period, 105 underwent brain computed tomography scans, and 36 were confirmed to have NCC.

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We performed a literature review focusing on case reports and case series studies, aiming to better define the clinical presentation of isolated lateral intraventricular neurocysticercosis (LVNCC) and to discuss the current knowledge of its characteristics, patient demographics, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis, based on the collected data. Data for this study were gathered by conducting searches on the Medline database and Google Scholar using various combinations of the following terms "intraventricular neurocysticercosis (IVNCC)," "brain ventricle cyst," "cysticercosis of lateral brain ventricles," "cysticercus cyst in brain ventricles," and "intraventricular cystic brain lesion." Articles published in English between January 1980 and March 2023 that reported cases of LVNCC were selected for analysis.

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Aims: Spinal neurocysticercosis is a rare central nervous system infection caused by the larval form of the . Due to its rarity, most knowledge is derived from isolated case reports. This review aims to evaluate existing case reports and observational studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the disease's clinical presentation and treatment outcomes.

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