L-TBOA (L-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate) is, so far, the most potent non-transportable blocker for glutamate transporters. We synthesized alpha-CMCM-L-TBOA (1a) possessing [7-(carboxymethoxy)coumarin-4-yl]methyl ester as a caging group. alpha-CMCM-L-TBOA (1a) is biologically inactive until UV irradiation and the photolysis of 1a immediately released L-TBOA to show glutamate uptake inhibition. The photoreactivity of the coumarin-type caging group was superior to that of the o-nitrobenzyl-type caging group.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01042-9 | DOI Listing |
Void spot assay (VSA) noninvasively evaluates urination. VSA is often not performed in rats due to difficulty analyzing larger papers compared with mouse. This study optimizes VSA for rats by comparing post-assay visualization techniques: bright field light (BF), ultraviolet light (UV), and ninhydrin spray (N).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey.
This study aims to enhance the electrical conductivity of commercially pure aluminium by minimizing impurities and grain boundaries in its microstructure, ultimately improving the efficiency of electric motors constructed from rotors with squirrel cages made from this material. For this purpose, an aluminium-boron (AlB8) master alloy was added to aluminium with a purity of 99.7%, followed by the application of a grain-coarsening heat treatment to the rotors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Xenobiot
January 2025
Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Engineered light-sensitive molecules offer a sophisticated toolkit for the manipulation of biological systems with both spatial and temporal precision. Notably, artificial "caged" compounds can activate specific receptors solely in response to light exposure. However, the uncaging process can lead to the formation of potentially harmful byproducts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenes Brain Behav
February 2025
Department of Physiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
This study aimed to characterize the triple-hit schizophrenia-like model rats (Wisket) by the assessment of (1) behavioral parameters in different test conditions (reward-based Ambitus test and HomeManner system) for a prolonged period, (2) cerebral muscarinic M1 receptor (M1R) expression, and (3) the effects of olanzapine treatment on these parameters. Wistar (control) and Wisket rats were injected for three consecutive weeks with olanzapine depot (100 mg/kg) and spent 4 weeks in large cages with environmental enrichment (HomeManner). The vehicle-treated Wisket rats spent longer time awake with decreased grooming activity compared to controls, without changes in their active social behavior (sniffing, playing, fighting) obtained in HomeManner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
January 2025
Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany.
Orexin signaling in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra promotes locomotion and reward processing, but it is not clear whether dopaminergic neurons directly mediate these effects. We show that dopaminergic neurons in these areas mainly express orexin receptor subtype 1 (Ox1R). In contrast, only a minor population in the medial ventral tegmental area express orexin receptor subtype 2 (Ox2R).
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