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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in adults: a narrative review of prevalence, pathogenesis, and management.
Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne)
February 2024
Pediatric Ophthalmology, UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, progressive, allergic ocular surface disorder that can lead to sight-threatening complications. VKC occurs primarily in children and generally resolves about the time of puberty; however, case series and retrospective analyses indicate that approximately 10% of patients with VKC are adults, and that a subset of adult cases develop after puberty. Consequently, two age-related variants of VKC have recently been described: early-onset VKC-which manifests during childhood and persists into adult life-and late-onset disease, which emerges after puberty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Immunopathogenesis of mucous membrane pemphigoid].
Ophthalmologie
May 2023
Lübecker Institut für Experimentelle Dermatologie (LIED), Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Deutschland.
A detailed understanding of the immunopathogenesis of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is of particular importance in view of the mostly difficult diagnostics and treatment of this blistering autoimmune dermatosis. A still unknown disturbance of the body's own immune tolerance leads to the formation of autoreactive cells. As the disease progresses these produce autoantibodies which are directed against structural proteins in the basement membrane zone (BMZ).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTherapeutic Targets in Allergic Conjunctivitis.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
April 2022
Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA.
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common condition resulting from exposure to allergens such as pollen, animal dander, or mold. It is typically mediated by allergen-induced crosslinking of immunoglobulin E attached to receptors on primed conjunctival mast cells, which results in mast cell degranulation and histamine release, as well as the release of lipid mediators, cytokines, and chemokines. The clinical result is conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, intense itching, and chemosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiology of peripheral ulcerative keratitis.
Exp Eye Res
March 2021
University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:
Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) is a progressive peripheral thinning of the corneal stroma caused by proinflammatory mediators' release from corneal limbal vasculitis. The clinical presentation is an epithelial defect with a crescent-shaped stromal inflammation. Its exact pathophysiologic mechanisms of PUK remain partially understood, but the overall understanding of the fundamental processes that mediate and effect corneal immunity has continued to expand over the past 25 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunopathogenesis of Progressive Scarring Trachoma: Results of a 4-Year Longitudinal Study in Tanzanian Children.
Infect Immun
March 2020
Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Trachoma is initiated during childhood following repeated conjunctival infection with , which causes a chronic inflammatory response in some individuals that leads to scarring and in-turning of the eyelids in later life. There is currently no treatment to halt the progression of scarring trachoma due to an incomplete understanding of disease pathogenesis. A cohort study was performed in northern Tanzania in 616 children aged 6 to 10 years at enrollment.
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