For decades cruise ships have been recognized as foci for diarrheal illness. More recently influenza has been added to the list of diseases for which people on cruise ships are at risk. Influenza is a business risk involving cruise ship operating and litigation costs and travelers' loss in value. Immunizing the crews could be one way to prevent introduction and spread of influenza on cruise ships. A cost-effectiveness analysis for vaccination of crews on cruise ships was conducted showing that it is not only cost-effective but it is cost savings.
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Sci Total Environ
January 2025
Centre for Safety, Resilience and Protective Security, Fire Safety Engineering Group, School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Greenwich SE10 9LS, United Kingdom.
Large passenger ships are characterised as enclosed and crowded indoor spaces with frequent interactions between travellers, providing conditions that facilitate disease transmission. This study aims to provide an indoor ship CO dataset for inferring thermal comfort, ventilation and infectious disease transmission risk evaluation. Indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring was conducted in nine environments (three cabins, buffet, gym, bar, restaurant, pub and theatre), on board a cruise ship voyaging across the UK and EU, with the study conducted in the framework of the EU HEALTHY SAILING project.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrop Med Health
January 2025
Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, 41222, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece.
Background: With various infectious disease risks to passenger ship travellers, guidance for infectious disease prevention, mitigation and management (PMM) exists. Emerging infections and emergencies necessitate updated, context-specific guidelines and practices. New evidence for infection PMM must be translated into guidance for governmental authorities and the passenger ship industry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Civil and Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
With the increasing demand for reducing CO2 emissions by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), controlling a ship's energy consumption at the design stage is crucial for proposing a 'greener' design. Some efforts have been made to consider the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and the Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI); however, the latter remains highly complex and contentious. In this study, a multistep optimization analysis method was developed to integrate EEDI and EEOI evaluations during the design stage to meet low emission requirements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Pollut Bull
December 2024
Program in Business and Operations Management, College of Management, Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan.
With the development of the cruise industry, the associated pollution and social impact issues are becoming more severe. The objective of this study is, therefore, to identify the significant impact factors in the cruise development process and to analyze their effects on the natural environment, economy and society. To this end, the study first identified the dimensions and criteria through interviews with experts and a literature review, grouping the dimensions of impact cost into 'natural environment', 'economic' and 'social' using the best-worst method (BWM) resulting in four impact factors included under each dimension, totalling 12 criteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Pollut Bull
December 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 20110, Finland.
This research evaluated the emission characteristics of old ships during typical operations, under varying cruising speeds, and during lock transit, using a shaft power meter and PEMS. The research revealed that upstream and downstream low-load voyages accounted for 67.9 % and 65.
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