Exposure to anhydrous ammonia has been suggested as a pretreatment for corn milling. Batches of corn were exposed to ammonia under controlled conditions. The amounts of ammonia absorbed and reacted with the corn were measured. The amounts were not more than are needed as nutritional supplement for yeast fermentation to ethanol. Loosening of the hull was observed qualitatively, and subsequent shearing in a disk mill followed by steeping for 2, 4, 6, or 8 h showed that germ could be recovered at higher yield and after a shorter steeping time compared to untreated control batches. Quality of oil was not affected by treatment with ammonia.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/abab:104:2:141 | DOI Listing |
Risk Anal
August 2024
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Anhydrous ammonia has seen a rapid increase in demand due to recent developments in clean energy technologies. As it is a potential carrier of hydrogen, the transportation industry is currently facing significant logistic challenges as well as safety risks. Based on the causes and effects, this study categorizes incident patterns based on the historical incidents from 1971 to 2021 in the United States during transportation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem X
October 2024
School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China.
Soybean-derived phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a valuable phospholipid component yet its high-purity form is costly and its molecular structure is poorly understood. The present study combined solvent extraction and cryopurification to purify PE. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: material-liquid ratio 1:15 (g/mL), ethanol base concentration 100:4 (V /V), extraction temperature 40 °C, time 60 min, extraction twice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
July 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
The conversion of aryl halides to primary arylamines with a convenient and inexpensive source of ammonia has been a long-standing synthetic challenge. Aqueous ammonia would be the most convenient and least expensive form of ammonia, but such a palladium-catalyzed amination reaction with a high concentration of water faces challenges concerning catalyst stability and competing hydroxylation, and palladium-catalyzed reactions with this practical reagent are rare. Further, most reactions with ammonia to form primary amines are conducted with -butoxide base, but reactions with ammonium hydroxide would contain hydroxide as base.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
May 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, D-50939, Köln, Germany.
By reaction of sodium electride or NaCH with the anhydrous sodium salt of propiolic acid, Na(OOC-C≡C-H), in liquid ammonia crystalline powders of NaCO were obtained. The structure analysis based on synchrotron powder diffraction data revealed that NaCO crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell (I2/a, Z=4) exhibiting the elusive Y-shaped C≡C-COO anion, which is unprecedented in a crystalline compound up to now. IR/Raman and solid-state NMR spectroscopic investigations with assignments supported by DFT-based ab initio calculations confirm this finding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Ind Med
April 2024
Respiratory Health Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
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