Human beings are the only hosts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Owing to a peculiar architecture and composition of the cell wall, M. tuberculosis presents characteristic properties (acid fastness, high hydrophobicity). Molecules, proteins and polysaccharides, present on the cell surface play a key role in the rapid bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages. M. tuberculosis is able to inhibit the intracellular bactericidal mechanisms. Potent thymodependent immune responses control bactericial growth through inflammatory reactions.
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