Spindle alignment is the process in which the two spindle poles are directed toward preselected and opposite cell ends. In budding yeast, the APC-related molecule Kar9 is required for proper alignment of the spindle with the mother-bud axis. We find that Kar9 localizes to the prospective daughter cell spindle pole. Kar9 is transferred from the pole to cytoplasmic microtubules, which are then guided in a myosin-dependent manner to the bud. Clb4/Cdc28 kinase phosphorylates Kar9 and accumulates on the pole destined to the mother cell. Mutations that block phosphorylation at Cdc28 consensus sites result in localization of Kar9 to both poles and target them both to the bud. Thus, Clb4/Cdc28 prevents Kar9 loading on the mother bound pole. In turn, asymmetric distribution of Kar9 ensures that only one pole orients toward the bud. Our results indicate that Cdk1-dependent spindle asymmetry ensures proper alignment of the mitotic spindle with the cell division axis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00119-3 | DOI Listing |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
December 2023
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan. Electronic address:
During cell cycle progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, spindle pole bodies (SPBs) are duplicated during the G1/S-phase transition. SPBs are crucial for the organization of both the spindle and astral microtubules, and their orientation defines the direction of nuclear division. In this process, an old SPB, which serves as the template SPB during the duplication process, is oriented toward the bud side.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Cell
May 2023
Department of Molecular Genetics I, Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
Microtubules are ubiquitous cytoskeletal polymers with essential functions in chromosome segregation, intracellular transport, and cellular morphogenesis. End-binding proteins (EBs) form the nodes of intricate microtubule plus-end interaction networks. Which EB binding partners are most critical for cell division and how cells organize a microtubule cytoskeleton in the absence of an EB protein are open questions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Cell Biol
January 2023
Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) control microtubule specialization and are as such essential for cell division and morphogenesis. Here we investigated interactions and functions of the budding yeast Kar9 network consisting of the core +TIP proteins Kar9 (functional homologue of APC, MACF and SLAIN), Bim1 (orthologous to EB1) and Bik1 (orthologous to CLIP-170). A multivalent web of redundant interactions links the three +TIPs together to form a '+TIP body' at the end of chosen microtubules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomolecules
July 2022
Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Myo2, a yeast class V myosin, transports a broad range of organelles and plays important roles in various cellular processes, including cell division in budding yeast. Despite the fact that several structures of Myo2/cargo adaptor complexes have been determined, the understanding of the versatile cargo-binding modes of Myo2 is still very limited, given the large number of cargo adaptors identified for Myo2. Here, we used ColabFold, an AlphaFold2-powered and easy-to-use tool, to predict the complex structures of Myo2-GTD and its several cargo adaptors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Biol
December 2021
Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeleton filaments that are essential for a wide range of cellular processes. They are polymerized from tubulin, a heterodimer of α- and β-subunits. Most eukaryotic organisms express multiple isotypes of α- and β-tubulin, yet their functional relevance in any organism remains largely obscure.
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