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The Role of CBGTC Synaptic Neurotransmission in the Pathophysiology of Tics.
Psychiatr Clin North Am
March 2025
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
The pathophysiology of tic disorders involves an alteration in the transmission of messages through the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit. A major requirement for the passage of a message through this circuit is an intact chemically mediated synaptic neurotransmitter system (ie, neurotransmitters and second messengers). This article reviews the scientific evidence supporting the involvement of a variety of neurotransmitters (ie, dopamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, acetylcholine, and the opioid system).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotransmitters crosstalk and regulation in the reward circuit of subjects with behavioral addiction.
Front Psychiatry
January 2025
Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center of Mental Health, The Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Behavioral addictive disorders (BADs) have become a significant societal challenge over time. The central feature of BADs is the loss of control over engaging in and continuing behaviors, even when facing negative consequences. The neurobiological underpinnings of BADs primarily involve impairments in the reward circuitry, encompassing the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens in the ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of Probiotics in Depression: Connecting Dots of Gut-Brain-Axis Through Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis and Tryptophan/Kynurenic Pathway involving Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase.
Mol Neurobiol
January 2025
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484 887, MP, India.
Depression is one of the most disabling mental disorders worldwide and characterized by symptoms including worthlessness, anhedonia, sleep, and appetite disturbances. Recently, studies have suggested that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism plays a key role in depressed mood through serotonin and kynurenine pathway involving enzyme tryptophan 5-monooxygenase (TPH) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) respectively. Moreover, during neuroinflammation, IDO is activated by proinflammatory cytokines and affects neurogenesis, cognition, disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and gut homeostasis by altering the gut bacteria and its metabolites like Trp derivatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of rodent behavioral models of schizophrenia in the ongoing search for novel antipsychotics.
Expert Opin Drug Discov
January 2025
Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala - CINVESTAV Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
Introduction: Existing pharmacotherapies for schizophrenia have not progressed beyond targeting dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission. Rodent models of schizophrenia are a necessary tool for elucidating neuropathological processes and testing potential pharmacotherapies, but positive preclinical results in rodent models often do not translate to positive results in the clinic.
Areas Covered: The authors reviewed PubMed for studies that applied rodent behavioral models of schizophrenia to assess the antipsychotic potential of several novel pharmacotherapies currently under investigation.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase () C677T and A1298C polymorphisms are associated with major depressive disorder in the Saudi patients attending Erada complex for mental health and Erada services - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Pharmazie
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating mental disorder that has been linked to hyperhomocysteinemia and folate deficiency. These conditions are influenced by the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase () gene, which plays a crucial role in converting homocysteine to methionine and is essential for folate metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis, including serotonin. : This study explored the association between and polymorphisms among Saudi MDD patients attending the Erada Complex for Mental Health and Erada Services outpatient clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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