The method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) is often used to analyze longitudinal and other correlated response data, particularly if responses are binary. However, few descriptions of the method are accessible to epidemiologists. In this paper, the authors use small worked examples and one real data set, involving both binary and quantitative response data, to help end-users appreciate the essence of the method. The examples are simple enough to see the behind-the-scenes calculations and the essential role of weighted observations, and they allow nonstatisticians to imagine the calculations involved when the GEE method is applied to more complex multivariate data.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwf215 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Assembly and Annotation of the Tetraploid Salsola tragus (Russian thistle) Genome.
Genome Biol Evol
January 2025
Department of Agricultural Biology, 1177 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
This report presents two phased chromosome-scale genome assemblies of allotetraploid Salsola tragus (2n=4x=36) and fills the current genomics resource gap for this species. Flow cytometry estimated 1C genome size was 1.319 Gbp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPartial AUCs in Long-Acting Injectables: Rationale, Challenges, Variability, Usefulness, and Clinical Relevance.
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Pharmathen SA, 31 Spartis Str., 14452 Metamorfosi Attica, Greece.
Regulatory authorities typically require bioequivalence to be demonstrated by comparing pharmacokinetic parameters like area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (C). Because in certain cases, AUC and C alone may not be adequate to identify formulation differences in early and/or late segments of the dosing interval, partial AUCs (pAUCs) have been proposed as additional metrics to evaluate bioequivalence. Even though cut-off points for pAUCs are usually decided based on clinical relevance, the identification of the correct cut-off range remains elusive in many other cases and tends to contribute to increased pAUC estimate variabilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBias in Discontinuous Elevational Transects for Tracking Species Range Shifts.
Plants (Basel)
January 2025
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Climate change is compelling species to seek refuge at higher elevations and latitudes. While researchers commonly study these migrations using discontinuous elevational transects, this methodology may introduce significant biases into our understanding of species movement. These potential biases could lead to flawed biodiversity conservation policies if left unexamined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic Variants and Lifestyle Factors in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients: A Case-Control Study of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Their Contribution to Baldness Risk.
Nutrients
January 2025
Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS-FLMM), 00167 Rome, Italy.
Unlabelled: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found to be associated with Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) to date, are characterized by an apparent reduced penetrance into the phenotype suggesting a role of other factors in the etiology of AGA.
Objective: We conducted a study to investigate the role of specific allelic variants in AGA controlling for nutritional and lifestyle factors.
Methods: Individual patterns of SNPs present in the baldness susceptibility locus at 20p11 (rs1160312 and rs6113491) or close to the androgen receptor (AR) gene in chromosome X (rs1041668) were investigated in 212 male subjects.
Effect of Mediterranean Diet in Combination with Isokinetic Exercise Therapy on Body Composition and Cytokine Profile in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.
Nutrients
January 2025
Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Unidad Morelos, Instituto Polítecnico Nacional, Boulevard de la Tecnología, 1036 Z-1, P 2/2, Atlacholoaya 62790, Morelos, Mexico.
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of comorbidities that increase pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC) production, with subsequent body composition (BC) abnormalities and high cardiovascular risk. Treatment with diet and exercise has been suggested as possible non-pharmacological adjuvant treatment.
Objective: To determine changes in BC and PIC in patients with MS after a Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) and/or isokinetic exercise (IE).
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!