The distal transected cords of infant rats are more permissive for axon extension than those of adults. To elucidate the biomolecular basis for this phenomenon, we examined the expression pattern of neurocan using semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining in the distal cord of both adult and infant rats after transection. Neurocan is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with well-documented axon growth-inhibitory properties in the central nervous system. Neurocan mRNA was up-regulated in the distal cord of adult rats shortly after transection, followed by a longer wide distribution of neurocan immunoreactivity (IR) in both neurons and astrocytes; by contrast, upregulation of neurocan mRNA was not seen in infant rats, although transient expression of neurocan IR was seen in neurons. Combined with the different regenerative capacity of infant and adult rats, the present results suggest that neurocan inhibits spinal cord regeneration.
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