Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate fetal blood oxygenation (SpO(2)) by means of continuous pulse oximetry during labor and its relation to the neonatal outcome.
Materials And Methods: Fetal SpO(2) was measured continuously during labor with a noninvasive pulse oximetry for fetal application. The average, minimum and maximum SpO(2) levels were evaluated separately for the 1st and 2nd stage of labor. The average SpO(2) of the fetus was compared to the neonatal outcome assessed by the levels of pH, pO(2) and pCO(2) in the fetus' umbilical blood and to the Apgar score.
Results: Twenty-eight patients were monitored by fetal pulse oximetry. All the patients had normal, vaginal delivery. During the 1st stage of labor, the average fetal SpO(2) was 51.78 +/- 8.00%, the minimum SpO(2) level was 37.61 +/- 9.86%, and the maximum level of SpO(2) was 63.82 +/- 7.37%; in the 2nd stage of labor, the average SpO(2) level was 44.91 +/- 8.28%, the minimum level was 35.00 +/- 9.22%, and the maximum SpO(2) was 52.30 +/- 9.36%. A significant decrease in the fetal average and maximum SpO(2) levels was observed between the 1st and the 2nd stages of labor (the average SpO(2) was 51.78 +/- 8.00% vs. 44.91 +/- 8.28%, p = 0.00029; the maximum SpO(2) was 63.82 +/- 7.37% vs. 52.30 +/- 9.36%, p < 0.00001). A significant correlation between the average SpO(2) level during the 1st and 2nd stage of labor and the Apgar score at the first minute of outcome was observed (R = 0.43, p = 0.031). No relationship between the fetal SpO(2) during the 1st and the 2nd stage of labor and the pH, pCO(2), and pO(2) in the fetal umbilical blood were observed.
Conclusions: During the 2nd stage of labor, a significant decrease in the fetus' SpO(2) can be observed. The fetus' SpO(2) level >30% in the 1st and 2nd stage of labor was related to the good neonatal outcome. The assessment of the fetal SpO(2) during the 1st stage of labor seems to be important in predicting neonatal outcome.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000067884 | DOI Listing |
Curr Opin Genet Dev
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Program for Mathematical Genomics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address:
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Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 397, Huangcheng North Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China. Electronic address:
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Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Electronic address:
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Real Estate Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
This paper aims to reveal the changing characteristics of the contribution rates of different production factors in China since the reform and opening up from two dimensions: stage and space. The study used national data from 1978 to 2021 and provincial data from 2000 to 2020, combined with methods such as C-D production function and spatial econometrics for analysis. Research has found that: (1) In terms of stage characteristics, during the structural adjustment stage (1978-1998), economic growth mainly relies on capital and labor input, and the contribution rate of land factors gradually decreases.
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