We report here on the observation of unpolarized (neutral) points in the sky during the total solar eclipse on 11 August 1999. Near the zenith a neutral point was observed at 450 nm at two different points of time during totality. Around this celestial point the distribution of the angle of polarization was heterogeneous: The electric field vectors on the one side were approximately perpendicular to those on the other side. At another moment of totality, near the zenith a local minimum of the degree of linear polarization occurred at 550 nm. Near the antisolar meridian, at a low elevation another two neutral points occurred at 450 nm at a certain moment during totality. Approximately at the position of these neutral points, at another moment of totality a local minimum of the degree of polarization occurred at 550 nm, whereas at 450 nm a neutral point was observed, around which the angle-of-polarization pattern was homogeneous: The electric field vectors were approximately horizontal on both sides of the neutral point.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.42.000465 | DOI Listing |
Biomimetics (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
Herein, we report a study that provides new insight on the knowledge gaps that relate to the role of biopolymer structure and adsorption properties for chitosan adsorbents that are cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The systematic modification of chitosan cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (CG) and its quaternized forms (QCG) was studied in relation to the reaction conditions: mole ratios of reactants and pH conditions. Complementary adsorbent characterization employed C NMR/FTIR spectroscopy, TGA and DSC, point-zero-charge (PZC), solvent swelling, and sorption studies using selected dye probes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegr Psychol Behav Sci
December 2024
Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento, Faculdade de Psicologia, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Av. dos Ipês, S/N, Marabá, PA, 68500-000, Brazil.
To produce a theoretical approach about the relations between neuroscience and psychopathology that expands beyond the biomedical model to include a non-reductionist, enactive, and biocultural perspective. An integrative review, drawing from the biocultural approach from Anthropology, is used to produce examples from epigenetics, neuroplasticity, and functional neuroanatomy. A biocultural approach points to a brain that is highly plastic, reinforcing a much more complex model in which biological vulnerabilities and the historical-cultural environment co-construct each other.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhilos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
December 2024
School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, England, YO10 5DD, UK.
Multipolar quantum optics deals with the interaction of light with matter as a many-body bound system of charged particles where the coupling to electromagnetic fields is in terms of the multipolar electric polarization and magnetization. We describe two transformations applied to the conventional non-relativistic formalism, namely a gauge transformation applied directly to the fields at the Lagrangian stage and a unitary transformation applied to the old Hamiltonian. We show how such transformations lead to the same Power-Zienau-Woolley (PZW) formulation of the quantum electrodynamics (QED) of an overall electrically neutral many-body bound system of charges, including the internal motion as well as the gross dynamics of the centre of mass.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanotechnology
December 2024
College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Albany, NFS 234, 215 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA, Albany, 12203, UNITED STATES.
GaN is an important semiconductor for energy-efficient light-emitting devices. Hydrogen plays a crucial role in gallium nitride (GaN) growth and processing. It can form electrically neutral complexes with acceptors during growth, which significantly increases the acceptor incorporation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
December 2024
Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
While planar tetracoordinate (pt) centers have been extensively explored from carbon to other octal-row elements or their heavier analogs, their counterparts involving alkali (A) and alkaline-earth metals (Ae) remain elusive due to the large atomic radius and absence of p orbitals. In this work, we found six hitherto unknown anionic ptA (A4A-) and neutral ptAe (A4Ae) centers through an extensive exploration of potential energy surfaces. The D4h-symmetry ptBe structures in Li4Be and Na4Be emerge as the lowest-energy configurations, and all the other ptA/ptAe structures are higher in energy or saddle points.
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