Background: Assays to screen for and confirm the presence of the antibody for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are currently performed with serum or plasma. We developed and evaluated a new counting immunoassay (CIA) for the detection of HTLV-I antibody in whole blood, using recombinant and synthetic peptide antigens.
Methods: We assessed the CIA for detection of HTLV-I antibody in whole blood and plasma. The CIA is an immunity-measuring method that combines latex agglutination with particle-counting technology. The numbers of agglutinated latex particles, single latex particles, and blood cells in a sample are measured based on differences in particle size between latex particles and blood cells.
Results: The CIA and ELISA methods were in agreement for all 24 plasma samples tested, including those from 6 patients with HTLV-I-associated diseases, 6 HTLV-I carriers, and 12 HTLV-I antibody-negative individuals. The concordance between the ELISA (plasma) and the CIA (whole blood) for samples from 24 patients was 100%. The concordance between a particle agglutination method (plasma) and the CIA (plasma or whole blood) for 1065 patients was 99.5%. The concordance between results obtained for 1065 pairs of plasma and whole blood samples with the CIA method was 100%. HTLV-I antibody in whole blood was stable for 3 days after blood collection. With this CIA method, results were available within 15 min.
Conclusions: The CIA method can be used in screening for HTLV-I. The use of whole blood rather than serum or plasma reduces the sample volume and number of blood collections required, as well as assay time.
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