Time-resolved computational protein biochemistry: solvent effects on interactions, conformational transitions and equilibrium fluctuations.

Solvent plays an important role in modulating internal motions of proteins. Here we present a computational method for including solvent effects on charge-charge interactions and on pathways between functional protein conformations, and examine solvent effects on equilibrium internal fluctuations in proteins. A computationally efficient charge reparametrisation method is presented that satisfactorily reproduces the electrostatic interactions present in a full continuum Poisson-Boltzmann representation. The application of charge reparametrisation in the calculation of a large-scale conformational transition pathway in a protein, annexin V, is illustrated. We also examine solvent effects on fast (picosecond timescale) internal protein dynamics. Nosé-Hoover dual heatbath molecular dynamics simulations are performed. These simulations allow the solvent region to be fixed at one temperature and the protein at another. The results of the Nosé-Hoover simulations on hydrated myoglobin confirm that the solvent temperature strongly influences the protein fluctuations. We consider to what extent the solvent can be considered to determine the high temperature protein dynamics.