AI Article Synopsis
- BRCA1 is a key tumour suppressor gene associated with a higher risk of breast and ovarian cancer in women due to mutations in their germline.
- The gene plays a critical role in detecting DNA damage, particularly double-strand breaks, and is involved in regulating stress response pathways like the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway.
- BRCA1 is also significant for mediating cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to cellular stress, with its functions potentially influenced by proteins like p53 and transcriptional regulation of downstream genes.
Article Abstract
BRCA1 (breast-cancer susceptibility gene 1) is a tumour suppressor gene that is mutated in the germline of women with a genetic predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer. In this review, we examine the role played by BRCA1 in mediating the cellular response to stress. We review the role played by BRCA1 in detecting and signalling the presence of DNA damage, particularly double-strand DNA breaks, and look at the evidence to support a role for BRCA1 in regulating stress response pathways such as the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase pathway. In addition, we examine the role played by BRCA1 in mediating both cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis following different types of cellular insult, and how this may be modulated by the presence or absence of associated proteins such as p53. Finally, we explore the possibility that many of the functions associated with BRCA1 may be based on transcriptional regulation of key downstream genes that have been implicated in the regulation of these specific cellular pathways.
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