Uterine leiomyoma is a frequent benign lesion. It is usually asymptomatic and can be responsible for acquired dysmenorrhoea in some women, leading to gynaecological assessment. However, the development of this type of muscle lesions arising from the bladder wall and accompanied exclusively by dysmenorrhoea is rare. It is very difficult to study the anatomical relations of the lesion and distinguish it from other pelvic, genital or urinary tract tumours. The authors discuss the diagnostic aspects and therapeutic management in the light of a case of bladder leiomyoma in a 39-year-old woman.
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