Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with systemic lymph node dissection for early gastric carcinoma: a review of 43 cases.

Background: Recently, laparoscopy and laparoscopy-assisted surgery have been used increasingly as less-invasive alternatives to conventional open surgery. But the use of this approach in gastric carcinoma has received little attention, possibly from the low incidence of early-stage disease in the West and the relative complexity of the surgical procedure.

Study Design: A prospective feasibility study of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy was performed in patients with histologically confirmed gastric carcinoma located in the lower or middle third of the stomach. Patients whose preoperative evaluations, including endoscopic ultrasonography and computerized tomography, led to a diagnosis of T1 N0 stage disease, and who had no advanced disease discovered during laparoscopy, were eligible. Intraoperative blood loss, time of operation, mortality, and morbidity were assessed, along with the number of lymph nodes retrieved and shortterm survival.

Results: Between 1998 and 1999, 43 patients were enrolled. Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy was converted to an open procedure in one patient. There were no operative or in-hospital deaths, but the incidence of anastomotic leakage was 14% (6 of 43). The mean blood loss was 239 mL, the time of operation was 225 minutes, and lymph node retrieval was 20.2 nodes. These results are comparable with a series of conventional open operations. One patient died of recurrent disease, and all other patients remain disease-free to date. Port-site recurrence was not observed.

Conclusions: Although laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy was equivalent to open surgery in several clinical parameters, the relatively high morbidity was a drawback. Its appropriateness to gastric cancer surgery must be verified by further studies.