Posthumous reproduction became possible with the technologies of sperm cryopreservation and ART. The legal and social status of children born as a result of these technologies continue to evolve. The proper disposition of unwanted stored gametes and embryos remains unknown. Physicians are increasingly asked to make quick judgments on posthumous gamete retrieval. The procedures for gamete harvest are technically simple; however, one must carefully select cases with definitive prior intent to have children. There is a need for standardized legal protocols to protect the physician and the patient. The physician must use sound judgment and comply with accepted standards, when present, before performing any service for posthumous sperm retrieval and reproduction.
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Ethical and Psychological Considerations for Posthumous-Assisted Reproduction for Adolescents and Young Adults With Poor Cancer Prognosis in the Context of Grief.
Clin Pract Pediatr Psychol
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine.
Objective: Families or loved ones of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with a poor cancer prognosis who preserved fertility and did not survive treatment may choose to pursue posthumous assisted reproduction (PAR; i.e., use of preserved reproductive material for future family-building attempts).
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Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel.
Background: From October 7, 2023, until August 28, 2024, 187 posthumous sperm retrieval (PSR) procedures have been conducted on deceased men, 171 of whom are soldiers. PSR was predominantly initiated by parents to cope with their profound loss. However, the attitudes of Israeli men toward this procedure are unknown.
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Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X
September 2024
Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Although posthumous reproduction (PHR) is viewed unfavorably by some, it may be a desirable option for subjects whose partners died before they could complete their family planning. With particular regard to posthumous embryo implantation, questions arise regarding the definition of "conception" when a couple undergoes in vitro fertilization while both are alive, but the embryo is implanted in a woman's womb after one parent has died. In accordance with Italian Law 40/2004, access to medically assisted reproduction is contingent upon the survival of both partners in a couple.
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University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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The ethics of non-partner requests for posthumous assisted reproduction.
J Assist Reprod Genet
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John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1311, USA.
After the death of a loved one, family will occasionally request posthumous assisted reproduction (PAR). Professional medical societies in the US and Europe oppose such requests without written consent except from the surviving partner with whom the deceased presumably shared a joint reproductive project. Here, however, we argue that joint reproductive projects are not limited to two-person romantic partners and therefore ethical policies should not be either.
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