Activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and aspartate aminotransferase in the malate-aspartate shuttle were significantly increased in the cytosolic fractions of livers with early neoplastic symptoms such as swelling and discoloration in transgenic mice carrying the prototype human c-Ha-ras gene, Tg-rasH2 mice, which were administered with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as a carcinogenic chemical at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. Cytosolic MDH/LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) (ML) ratio increased significantly and was considered to be a useful marker to characterize the energy metabolism at early neoplastic stage in livers of the Tg-rasH2 mice.
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