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Vaccination After Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: A Review of the Literature and Proposed Vaccination Protocol.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) induces profound immunosuppression, significantly increasing susceptibility to severe infections. This review examines vaccinations' necessity, timing, and efficacy post-HCT to reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality. It aims to provide a structured protocol aligned with international and national recommendations.
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- Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) shows high survival rates (90% overall survival) in adolescents and adults with severe inborn errors of immunity (IEI), as assessed in a study of 82 patients.
- The study found that pre-transplant immune dysregulation (measured by the IDDA v2.1 score) and the haematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI) score significantly affected transplant outcomes, including overall survival and event-free survival.
- Notably, a portion of patients with a high IDDA v2.1 score and low HCT-CI score indicates that existing risk assessments may underestimate the risks of alloHSCT, highlighting
Predicting Microvascular Invasion in Liver Transplant Recipients for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Cureus
December 2024
Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore, PAK.
Background: Among primary liver tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered the most common hepatic tumor. Liver transplantation is one of the curative treatment options for HCC. However, the risk of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation varies and is influenced by various factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGroup 1 innate lymphoid cells protect liver transplants from ischemia-reperfusion injury via an interferon-γ-mediated pathway.
Am J Transplant
December 2024
The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425. Electronic address:
As important immune regulatory cells, whether innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are involved in liver transplantation (LT) remains unclear. In a murine orthotopic LT model, we dissected roles of ILCs in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Wild type (WT) grafts suffered significantly higher IRI in Rag2-γc double knockout (DKO) than Rag2 KO recipients, in association with downregulation of group 1 ILCs genes, including IFN-γ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptimizing growth in pediatric renal transplant recipients: An update.
World J Transplant
December 2024
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 0094, Sri Lanka.
Growth retardation is a significant complication observed in pediatric renal transplant recipients, originating from a multifactorial etiology. Factors contributing to growth impairment encompass pre-transplant conditions such as primary kidney disease, malnutrition, quality of care, growth deficits at the time of transplantation, dialysis adequacy, and the use of recombinant human growth hormone. Additionally, elements related to the renal transplant itself, such as living donors, corticosteroid usage, and graft functioning, further compound the challenge.
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