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Ethanol and the Limitations of the Osmol Gap.
Ann Emerg Med
January 2025
Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
Study Objective: The osmol gap can help detect and manage those with toxic alcohol exposure, and it is altered by all alcohols including ethanol. The optimal correction for ethanol that would allow accurate detection of an alternative alcohol is unclear.
Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess baseline variations in osmol gap, and then to assess the validity of 2 commonly used coefficients (correction factors) for ethanol.
The Perils of Methanol Exposure: Insights into Toxicity and Clinical Management.
Toxics
December 2024
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia.
Methanol is a widely used industrial and household alcohol that poses significant health risks upon exposure. Despite its extensive use, methanol poisoning remains a critical public health concern globally, often resulting from accidental or intentional ingestion and outbreaks linked to contaminated beverages. Methanol toxicity stems from its metabolic conversion to formaldehyde and formic acid, leading to severe metabolic acidosis and multiorgan damage, including profound CNS effects and visual impairments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterization of pectinase-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae UCDFST 09-448 and its effects on cull peach fermentations.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol
January 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, St. Edward's University, 3001 S Congress Ave, Austin, TX 78704, USA.
Unlabelled: Fermentation of pectin-rich biomass by Saccharomyces cerevisiae can produce bioethanol as a fuel replacement to combat carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. Saccharomyces cerevisiae UCDFST 09-448 produces its own pectinase enzymes potentially eliminating the need for commercial pectinases during fermentation. This research assessed growth, pectinase activity, and fermentative activity of S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnmeasured Osmoles: The Hidden Solutes Obscuring a Hyponatremia Evaluation.
Cureus
August 2024
Nephrology, Dayton Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Dayton, USA.
Hyponatremia is defined as serum sodium less than 135 mEq/L and is principally a result of water excess relative to total body sodium content. The evaluation of hyponatremia is incomplete without a careful assessment of the patient's volume status, history, and acquisition of both serum and urine osmolality and sodium studies. Many of these studies can be affected by various clinical factors, and these nuances should be considered while interpreting the results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOcta-Arginine-Conjugated Liposomal Nimodipine Incorporated in a Temperature-Responsive Gel for Nasoencephalic Delivery.
Mol Pharm
October 2024
College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China.
Nimodipine is the primary clinical drug used to treat cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Currently, tablets have low bioavailability when taken orally, and injections contain ethanol. Therefore, we investigated a new method of nimodipine administration, namely, nasoencephalic administration.
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