Objective: We examined whether HIV-1 testing using a rapid assay increases the proportion of pregnant women obtaining HIV-1 results and the uptake of perinatal HIV-1 interventions.
Methods: Pregnant women attending public health clinics in Nairobi were offered voluntary counselling and testing for HIV-1. Consenting women were randomly assigned to receive either rapid or conventional HIV-1 testing. Women randomly assigned to rapid testing were allowed to receive same-day results or to return later. The results for women randomly assigned to conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing were available after 7 days. HIV-1-infected women were referred for antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.
Results: Among 1282 women offered voluntary HIV-1 testing and counselling, 1249 accepted testing, of whom 627 were randomly assigned to rapid testing and 622 to conventional testing. The median duration between testing and obtaining results was 0 days for women who received rapid testing compared with 11 days for women who received conventional testing. The percentage receiving HIV-1 results was significantly higher among women who received rapid testing compared with conventional testing. Of 161 HIV-1-seropositive women, only 24 received antiretroviral prophylaxis. The uptake of perinatal HIV-1 interventions did not differ between HIV-1-seropositive women randomly assigned to rapid testing or conventional ELISA testing.
Conclusion: Rapid HIV-1 testing significantly increased the proportion of women receiving HIV-1 results, which is important for sexual and perinatal HIV-1 prevention. The challenge remains to improve the uptake of perinatal HIV-1 interventions among HIV-1-seropositive women.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200301030-00015 | DOI Listing |
China CDC Wkly
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Introduction: The widespread adoption of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) has led to the emergence of INSTI-associated drug-resistance mutations. This cross-sectional study conducted a comprehensive national survey to investigate the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to INSTIs among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) individuals in China.
Methods: The study enrolled 10,654 individuals from 31 provincial-level administrative divisions between 2018 and 2023.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Estonia in 2020 and 2022, and in Ukrainian war refugees living with HIV who arrived in Estonia in 2022.
Methods: HIV-1 genomic RNA was sequenced in protease-reverse transcriptase and integrase regions. DRMs were determined separately by Stanford University CPR Tool and HIVdb Program.
Viruses
January 2025
Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are strongly recommended for people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). The emergence of resistance to second-generation INSTIs has been infrequent and has not yet been a major issue in high-income countries. However, the delayed rollouts of these INSTIs in low- to middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic combined with increased transmission of drug-resistant mutants worldwide are leading to an increase in INSTI resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
January 2025
Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
Background: Severe COVID-19 presents a variety of clinical manifestations associated with inflammatory profiles. People living with HIV (PLWH) could face a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19, depending on their immunosuppression levels. This study describes inflammatory markers in COVID-19 clinical outcomes with and without HIV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biomol Struct Dyn
January 2025
Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences, Ben M'Sik Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.
The recent spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to serious concerns about newly emerging infectious coronaviruses. Drug repurposing is a practical method for rapid development of antiviral agents. The viral spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to its major receptor ACE2 to promote membrane fusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!