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Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
JAMA
January 2025
Indiana University, Bloomington.
Importance: Osteoporotic fractures are associated with psychological distress, subsequent fractures, loss of independence, reduced ability to perform activities of daily living, and death.
Objective: The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures in adults 40 years or older with no known diagnosis of osteoporosis or history of fragility fracture.
Population: Adults 40 years or older without known osteoporosis or history of fragility fractures.
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor and risk of postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a case-cohort analysis.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
January 2025
Cancer Council Victoria, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Background: Higher concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) increases postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but evidence for insulin and c-peptide is limited. Further, not all studies have accounted for potential confounding by biomarkers from other biological pathways, and not all were restricted to estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer.
Methods: This was a case-cohort study of 1,223 postmenopausal women (347 with ER-positive breast cancer) from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study.
Triglyceride-glucose index: carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk in a European population.
Cardiovasc Diabetol
January 2025
Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is now widely recognized as a marker of insulin resistance and has been linked to the development and prognosis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) in numerous populations, particularly in the Eastern world. Although there are fewer reports from the Western world, and they are sometimes contradictory, the absence of definitive data on the relationship between a raised TyG index and cardiovascular risk suggested the opportunity of testing this biochemical marker against a well-established vascular marker such as the carotid intima media thickness (c-IMT).
Methods: Primary prevention patients were selected from a cohort of individuals who underwent c-IMT measurement between 1984 and 2018 at the Dyslipidemia Center at the ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda in Milan, Italy.
Very low-calorie ketogenic diet reduces central blood pressure and cardiometabolic risk in post-menopausal women with essential hypertension and obesity: a single-center, prospective, open-label, clinical study.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
December 2024
Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:
Background And Aims: Obesity represents a crucial modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular complications. Two dietary approaches, Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic (VLCKD) and Intermittent Fasting (IFD) diets, have demonstrated to reduce blood pressure (BP) and produce cardiovascular and metabolic advantages. We aimed to evaluate the effects of VLCKD or IFD compared to Free Diet (FD) on office brachial and central systolic BP levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex-specific associations of serum testosterone with gray matter volume and cerebral blood flow in midlife individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
Testosterone, an essential sex steroid hormone, influences brain health by impacting neurophysiology and neuropathology throughout the lifespan in both genders. However, human research in this area is limited, particularly in women. This study examines the associations between testosterone levels, gray matter volume (GMV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in midlife individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), according to sex and menopausal status.
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