It was in the 1980 s that the first papers in which the use of either combinatorial methods or microwave heating in organic chemistry were published. Unlike combinatorial chemistry, which quite readily became an accepted method, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, it is only now that microwave heating is truly gaining acceptance. Our aim in this review is to attempt to rationalize this slow acceptance and to show the benefits to be gained by employing microwave heating in tandem with combinatorial chemistry. We will also give a number of examples of successful applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207023330147 | DOI Listing |
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
November 2024
Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
Small-molecule probes are powerful tools for studying biological systems and can serve as lead compounds for developing new therapeutics. Especially, nitrogen heterocycles are of considerable importance in the pharmaceutical field. These compounds are found in numerous bioactive structures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
December 2024
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
The esterase EstSIT01 from can catalyze the asymmetric hydrolysis of -dimethyl ester to produce the crucial chiral intermediate (4, 5)-hemimethyl ester for -biotin synthesis. Despite its high yields and stereoselectivity, the low thermostability of EstSIT01 limits its practical application. Herein, two kinds of rational strategies were combined to enhance the thermostability of EstSIT01.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland.
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme responsible for the formation of melanin (a natural skin pigment with ultraviolet-protection properties). However, some people experience melanin overproduction, so new, safe, and biocompatible enzyme inhibitors are sought. New tripeptide tyrosinase inhibitors were developed using molecular modeling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotechnol Bioeng
January 2025
Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
The enzymatic reaction kinetics on cellulose and other solid substrates is limited by the access of the enzyme to the reactive substrate sites. We introduce a general model in which the reaction rate is determined by the active surface area, and the resulting kinetics consequently reflects the evolving relationship between the exposed substrate surface and the remaining substrate volume. Two factors influencing the overall surface-to-volume ratio are considered: the shape of the substrate particles, characterized by a single numerical parameter related to its dimensionality, and the distribution of the particle sizes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotechnol Bioeng
January 2025
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
Microbial communities have shown promising potential in degrading complex biopolymers, producing value-added products through collaborative metabolic functionality. Hence, developing synthetic microbial consortia has become a predominant technique for various biotechnological applications. However, diverse microbial entities in a consortium can engage in distinct biochemical interactions that pose challenges in developing mutualistic communities.
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