The diffusion of a chemical disinfectant into wastewater particles may be viewed as a serial two-step process involving transport through a macroporous network of pathways to micropores that lead into dense cellular regions. Previous research reveals that ultraviolet (UV) light penetration into wastewater particles is limited primarily to macropores, resulting in a residual concentration of targeted organisms in post-disinfected effluents that reflects the number of organisms embedded in the dense cellular regions of particles. Conversely, chlorine was demonstrated as part of this research to penetrate into both the macroporous and microporous network of pathways, implying that the application of chlorine may be designed feasibly to achieve a desired level of inactivation of particle-associated organisms. In the short term, a disinfection model previously developed for UV irradiation may be used to assess the inactivation of particle-associated organisms with chlorine. However, in the long-term, a more rigorous and complete understanding of the transport of chemical disinfectants into particles can be explored utilizing existing mathematical expressions commonly used to model mass transport into porous media. The parameters of interest in this modeling approach include the reaction rate of chlorine with particulate material, the diffusion rate of chlorine within a particle, the mass-transfer rate coefficient across the particle's boundary, and the particle porosity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00239-7 | DOI Listing |
Water Res X
May 2025
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
Widespread polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET MPs) have played unintended role in nitrous oxide (NO) turnovers (i.e., production and consumption) at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
January 2025
Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Pickering emulsions (PEs) have demonstrated significant potential in various fields, including catalysis, biomedical applications, and food science, with notable advancements in wastewater treatment through photocatalysis. This study explores the development and application of TiO-poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) composite gels as a novel framework for photocatalytic wastewater remediation. The research focuses on overcoming challenges associated with conventional nanoparticle-based photocatalytic systems, such as agglomeration and inefficient recovery of particles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
January 2025
INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
Clarithromycin, a common antibiotic found in domestic wastewater, persists even after treatment and can transfer to soils when treated wastewater (TWW) is used for irrigation. This residual antibiotic may exert selection pressure, promoting the spread of antibiotic resistance. While Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) are used in liquid media to predict resistance risks, PNEC values for soils, especially for clarithromycin, are lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Sci (China)
July 2025
John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
In this study, synthetic wastewater containing 110 µg/L arsenate (As(V)), 0-20 mg/L fulvic acid (FA), and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe. The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V) removal by ferric chloride were determined using 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
Antibiotics and heavy metals pose severe risks to human health and ecological environment. Therefore, developing a multifunctional adsorbent to remove these contaminants from wastewater is an urgent need. Herein, novel anionic sulfonic acid groups functionalized magnetic β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) composites (FCD@AA) were synthesized by coating poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS)) on the surface of magnetic β-CD particles (FCD).
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