Flushing is a known symptom in intestinal carcinoid tumors which usually occurs only in the presence of liver metastases. A 62-year-old women presented with abdominal pain, nausea and flush symptoms. US, CT, octreotide scintigraphy and biopsy revealed a primary mesenteric carcinoid with retroperitoneal lymph node metastases and a solitary leftsided supraclavicular lymph node metastasis proving lymphatic spread over the thoracic duct, but liver metastases were excluded. This is a report on a mesenteric carcinoid which lead to flush symptoms despite absence of liver metastases, since retroperitoneal lymph node metastases enabled a direct hormone release into the systemic circulation.
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Breast Cancer Res Treat
January 2025
Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Nizza 44, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Purpose: Mammary carcinoma is comprised heterogeneous groups of cells with different metastatic potential. 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells metastasized to heart (4THM), liver (4TLM) and brain (4TBM) and demonstrate cancer-stem cell phenotype. Using these cancer cells we found thatTGF-β is the top upstream regulator of metastatic process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells
December 2024
Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with no precise method for early detection. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) expressing the dynamic polarity of the cytoskeletal membrane protein, ezrin, have been proposed to play a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis. This study investigated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of polarized circulating tumor cells (p-CTCs) in HCC patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastro Hep Adv
August 2024
Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
The development of hepatic metastases is the leading cause of mortality in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and substantial research efforts have been focused on elucidating the intricate mechanisms by which tumor cells successfully migrate to, invade, and ultimately colonize the liver parenchyma. Recent evidence has shown that perturbations in myeloid biology occur early in cancer development, characterized by the initial expansion of specific innate immune populations that promote tumor growth and facilitate metastases. This review summarizes the pathophysiology underlying the proliferation of myeloid cells that occurs with incipient neoplasia and explores the role of innate immune-host interactions, specifically granulocytes and neutrophil extracellular traps, in promoting hepatic colonization by tumor cells through the formation of the "premetastatic niche".
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Case Rep
January 2025
Colorectal Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
BACKGROUND Programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have demonstrated limited effectiveness in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent studies suggest that their efficacy can be enhanced when combined with anti-angiogenic agents. CASE REPORT We present a case of a 25-year-old woman with CRC harboring a KRAS mutation and MSI-H status, along with initially unresectable liver metastases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Ophthalmol
January 2025
Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
Background: Cutaneous melanoma is the leading cause of death from cutaneous malignancy and tends to metastasize lymphatically and hematogenously to the lung, liver, brain, and bone; it is a rare source of metastatic disease to the eye. Herein we provide a case report of cutaneous melanoma metastatic to the ciliary body and choroid involving clinical examination, slit lamp photography, and B-scan ultrasonography.
Result: A 55-year-old female with known metastatic cutaneous melanoma presented with pain, a large ciliochoroidal mass, visual decline, and diffuse intraocular inflammation.
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