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A comprehensive neuroanatomical survey of the Lobula Plate Tangential Neurons with predictions for their optic flow sensitivity.
bioRxiv
October 2023
Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA USA.
Flying insects exhibit remarkable navigational abilities controlled by their compact nervous systems. , the pattern of changes in the visual scene induced by locomotion, is a crucial sensory cue for robust self-motion estimation, especially during rapid flight. Neurons that respond to specific, large-field optic flow patterns have been studied for decades, primarily in large flies, such as houseflies, blowflies, and hover flies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCase report: Neural timing deficits prevalent in developmental disorders, aging, and concussions remediated rapidly by movement discrimination exercises.
Front Neurol
September 2023
Radiology Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Background: The substantial evidence that neural timing deficits are prevalent in developmental disorders, aging, and concussions resulting from a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is presented.
Objective: When these timing deficits are remediated using low-level movement-discrimination training, then high-level cognitive skills, including reading, attention, processing speed, problem solving, and working memory improve rapidly and effectively.
Methods: In addition to the substantial evidence published previously, new evidence based on a neural correlate, MagnetoEncephalography physiological recordings, on an adult dyslexic, and neuropsychological tests on this dyslexic subject and an older adult were measured before and after 8-weeks of contrast sensitivity-based left-right movement-discrimination exercises were completed.
Evidence for adaptive myelination of subcortical shortcuts for visual motion perception in healthy adults.
Hum Brain Mapp
December 2023
Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Conscious visual motion information follows a cortical pathway from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and on to the primary visual cortex (V1) before arriving at the middle temporal visual area (MT/V5). Alternative subcortical pathways that bypass V1 are thought to convey unconscious visual information. One flows from the retina to the pulvinar (PUL) and on to medial temporal visual area (MT); while the other directly connects the LGN to MT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow Flies See Motion.
Annu Rev Neurosci
July 2023
Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany; email:
How neurons detect the direction of motion is a prime example of neural computation: Motion vision is found in the visual systems of virtually all sighted animals, it is important for survival, and it requires interesting computations with well-defined linear and nonlinear processing steps-yet the whole process is of moderate complexity. The genetic methods available in the fruit fly and the charting of a connectome of its visual system have led to rapid progress and unprecedented detail in our understanding of how neurons compute the direction of motion in this organism. The picture that emerged incorporates not only the identity, morphology, and synaptic connectivity of each neuron involved but also its neurotransmitters, its receptors, and their subcellular localization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOcular following responses of the marmoset monkey are dependent on postsaccadic delay, spatiotemporal frequency, and saccade direction.
J Neurophysiol
July 2023
Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Ocular following is a short-latency, reflexive eye movement that tracks wide-field visual motion. It has been studied extensively in humans and macaques and is an appealing behavior for studying sensory-motor transformations in the brain because of its rapidity and rigidity. We explored ocular following in the marmoset, an emerging model in neuroscience because their lissencephalic brain allows direct access to most cortical areas for imaging and electrophysiological recordings.
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