During pregnancy, major changes of the corticotroph axis activity are observed. The placenta synthetizes Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) and pro-opio-melanocortin (POMC), and the plasma levels of both peptides are highly increased during pregnancy. The cortisol plasma levels are two-fold elevated compared to the levels observed in non pregnant women. This increase in cortisol level is mainly due to the doubling of the Cortisol Binding Globulin (CBG). Untreated Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy is associated with a high maternal as well as fetal morbidity (hypertension, preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, premature birth.). Adrenocortical tumors are the major cause of Cushing's syndrome diagnosed in pregnancy. The treatment of hypercortisolism during pregnancy required a multidisciplinary approach by highly specialized teams. Adrenal insufficiency is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy. Untreated adrenal failure is associated with a high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, steroid replacement therapy appropriately monitored during pregnancy is associated with a very favorable outcome in pregnant women with adrenal insufficiency. During labor steroid replacement therapy should be adapted as for any surgical procedure.
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