Development of MRI enabled accurate and rapid diagnosis of head traumas which had been impossible with the conventional CT. The diagnosis of posttraumatic diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a typical example. Most of the reported cases of DAI in childhood are of relatively older age, and DAI is rare in infancy. We report here a 1-year-9-month-old infant with DAI. After falling from two meters in height, he presented consciousness disturbance and a seizure that necessitated artificial respiration for half a day. He recovered completely without sequelae. Brain CT on arrival to the ER department was unremarkable, but MRI scans shortly thereafter showed typical findings of DAI. In childhood, DAI tends to be milder than in adult-hood, which may be explained by the age-dependent frequency of traffic accidents, and by anatomical and functional factors of a infant's brain. A large number of infantile cases should be accumulated to draw a more clearcut conclusion.
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