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The risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with concomitant proton pump inhibitor administration during dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and prasugrel: a retrospective single-center study.
J Pharm Health Care Sci
November 2024
Department of Medicinal Therapy Research, Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Objective: Dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) are frequently prescribed after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) placement. However, studies that evaluate the optimal PPI when used as primary prevention in patients without a history of peptic ulcer disease or upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), particularly in the context of DAPT involving prasugrel, are lacking. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of PPI use in preventing UGIB in this patient population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe analgesic and gastroprotective activities of the three fungal extracts and their possible correlation with the inhibition of the P2X7 receptor.
Biomed Pharmacother
December 2024
Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil.
P2X7 is a purinergic receptor physiologically activated by extracellular ATP. Its activation induces proinflammatory responses, including cytokine release, reactive oxygen species formation, and cell death. Previous in vivo experimental models demonstrated that P2X7 blockade has anti-inflammatory effects; however, there are no drugs used in clinical therapy that act on the P2X7 receptor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Implications of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Vonoprazan Micro/Nano Drug Delivery Systems for Gastric Acid-Related Disorders and Imaging.
Nanotheranostics
November 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India.
Article Synopsis
- Gastric acid-related disorders like peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are primarily caused by excessive stomach acid or bacterial infections, and can be treated with medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and vonoprazan.
- While PPIs work by irreversibly blocking the proton pump in stomach cells, vonoprazan inhibits acid secretion by targeting the potassium-competitive acid blocker receptor, making it one of the most effective options for GERD.
- The review highlights various innovative micro/nano formulations of these medications, as well as the crucial role of imaging techniques like CT scans and endoscopy in diagnosing and managing these gastric acid disorders.
Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Review.
JAMA
December 2024
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.
Importance: In the US, peptic ulcer disease affects 1% of the population and approximately 54 000 patients are admitted to the hospital annually for bleeding peptic ulcers.
Observations: Approximately 10% of patients presenting with upper abdominal pain in a primary care setting have a peptic ulcer as the cause of their symptoms. The principal causes of peptic ulcer disease are Helicobacter pylori infection, which affects approximately 42% of patients with peptic ulcer disease, and aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, which are etiologic factors in approximately 36% of people with peptic ulcer disease.
Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients with Cirrhosis: Pharmacokinetics, Benefits and Drawbacks.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep
December 2024
Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
Purpose Of Review: This review explores the pharmacokinetics, benefits, and risks of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in cirrhotic patients, focusing on the appropriateness of their use and potential adverse effects.
Recent Findings: Recent studies highlight significant pharmacokinetic alterations in PPIs among cirrhotic patients, with marked increases in lansoprazole and pantoprazole exposure and relatively stable levels of esomeprazole. While effective for managing acid-related disorders and post-band ulcer rebleeding, evidence supporting PPI use for portal hypertension-related bleeding is lacking.
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