Pax6 is a critical transcription factor in the development of the eye, pancreas, and central nervous system. It is composed of two DNA-binding domains, the paired domain (PD), which has two helix-turn-helix (HTH) motifs, and the homeodomain (HD), made up from another HTH motif. Each HTH motif can bind to DNA separately or in combination with the others. We identified three novel binding sites that are specific for the PD and HD domains of human PAX6 from single-copy human genomic DNA libraries using cyclic amplification of protein binding sequences (CAPBS) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). One of the binding sites was found within sequences of repetitive Alu elements. However, most of the Alu sequences were unable to bind to PAX6 because of a small number of mismatches (mostly in CpG dinucleotide hot spots) in the consensus Alu sequences. PAX6 binding Alu elements are found primarily in old and intermediate-aged Alu subfamilies. These data along with our previously identified B1-type Pax6 binding site showed that evolutionarily conserved Pax6 has target sites that are disparate in primates and rodents. This difference indicates that human and mouse Pax6-regulated gene networks may have evolved through these lineage-specific repeat elements.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187547 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.188302 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Analysis of mouse lens morphological and proteomic abnormalities following depletion of βB3-crystallin.
bioRxiv
December 2024
Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461.
Crystallin proteins serve as both essential structural and as well as protective components of the ocular lens and are required for the transparency and light refraction properties of the organ. The mouse lens crystallin proteome is represented by αA-, αB-, βA1-, βA2-, βA3-, βA4-, βB1-, βB2-, βB3-, γA-, γB-, γC-, γD-, γE, γF-, γN-, and γS-crystallin proteins encoded by 16 genes. Their mutations are responsible for lens opacification and early onset cataract formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of c-JUN deficiency on thalamus development in mice and human neural models.
Cell Biosci
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Article Synopsis
- c-Jun is essential for regulating gene expression and plays a significant role in embryonic development, particularly in the nervous system, yet its effects on deep brain structures like the thalamus are not well understood.
- Using c-Jun knockout (KO) models and various cell cultures, researchers investigated its impact on nervous system development, revealing that c-Jun KO mice exhibited underdeveloped thalamus structures and disrupted neuronal connectivity.
- The study concluded that the absence of c-JUN leads to impaired nerve fiber extension and abnormal thalamus patterning, highlighting the importance of c-JUN in embryonic neural development.
Molecular mechanism of METTL14-mediated m6A modification regulating microglial function post ischemic stroke.
Brain Res Bull
January 2025
Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- * Results showed that increased METTL14 expression leads to more M1 microglia (linked to inflammation) and less M2 microglia (linked to healing), contributing negatively to stroke outcomes.
- * Mechanistically, METTL14 modifies the mRNA of PAX6, which in turn promotes the degradation of PAX6 and enhances its binding to TREM2, further increasing harmful microglial responses in ischemic conditions.
Two coacting shadow enhancers regulate twin of eyeless expression during early Drosophila development.
Genetics
January 2025
Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
The Drosophila PAX6 homolog twin of eyeless (toy) sits at the pinnacle of the genetic pathway controlling eye development, the retinal determination network. Expression of toy in the embryo is first detectable at cellular blastoderm stage 5 in an anterior-dorsal band in the presumptive procephalic neuroectoderm, which gives rise to the primordia of the visual system and brain. Although several maternal and gap transcription factors that generate positional information in the embryo have been implicated in controlling toy, the regulation of toy expression in the early embryo is currently not well characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKnockout of a single Pax6 gene (toy but not ey) leads to compound eye deficiency and small head in honeybees.
Commun Biol
October 2024
Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
The compound eyes are crucial to honeybees, playing pivotal roles in color recognition, orientation, localization, and navigation processes. The development of compound eyes is primarily mastered by an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor Pax6. In honeybees, there are two Pax6 homologs: ey and toy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!