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Disorders of Volume: Core Curriculum 2025.
Am J Kidney Dis
December 2024
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington.
Historically, the paradigm for all maladies was associated with an imbalance of the 4 humors: blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm. Although our understanding of disease has evolved significantly since the time of Hippocrates, a similar cornerstone of inpatient and ambulatory care involves understanding and correcting imbalances of volume. The kidneys are the principal organs controlling extracellular volume, capable of both sensing and altering salt retention through multiple redundant pathways, including the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmiR-124, miR-126-3p, and miR-200b: Potential therapeutic targets for VEGF-mediated complications in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Indian J Ophthalmol
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Trakya University School of Pharmacy, Edirne, Turkey.
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate alterations in intravitreal microRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) as these factors are implicated in PDR pathogenesis.
Methods: Fifty-two participants, including 26 patients with PDR and 26 controls without diabetes, were included in this study. VEGF levels were assessed using ELISA, and seven microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-19a, miR-20b, miR-27a, miR-124, miR-126-3p, miR-146a, and miR-200b) were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR.
Histopathological Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Inflammation and Thrombus Formation in Mice: The Protective Effects of Aspirin.
Curr Issues Mol Biol
December 2024
Department of Functional Morphology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan.
Hepatitis, a significant medical concern owing to its potential to cause acute and chronic liver disease, necessitates early intervention. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the histopathological features of lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in mice, focusing on tissue alterations. The results demonstrated that hepatocytes exhibited decreased eosin staining, indicating cellular shrinkage, whereas sinusoids were swollen with blood cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular Pathophysiology of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Clinical Update from a Basic Research Perspective.
Adv Respir Med
November 2024
Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare but severe condition characterized by persistent obstruction and vascular remodeling in the pulmonary arteries following an acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Although APE is a significant risk factor, up to 25% of CTEPH cases occur without a history of APE or deep vein thrombosis, complicating the understanding of its pathogenesis. Herein, we carried out a narrative review discussing the mechanisms involved in CTEPH development, including fibrotic thrombus formation, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and abnormal angiogenesis, leading to elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnexin A1 Mitigates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Model by Enhancing the Expression of Occludin and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1).
CNS Neurosci Ther
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Aims: This study investigated the protective role of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) by examining its effects on brain vascular endothelium and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.
Methods: Mice were divided into four groups: wild type (WT), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), ANXA1 knockout (ANXA1[-/-]), and ANXA1(-/-) with CLP. Neurobehavioral changes were assessed using the Y-maze test, while BBB integrity was evaluated through Evans blue dye (EBD) staining and permeability tests with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran.
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